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[PATCH v5 1/2] run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()

From
Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Date
Jun 2, 2022, 14:07 UTC
Message-ID
<patch-v5-1.2-d018b7c4441-20220602T131858Z-avarab@gmail.com>
In-Reply-To
<cover-v5-0.2-00000000000-20220602T131858Z-avarab@gmail.com>

Extend the parallel execution API added in c553c72eed6 (run-command: add an asynchronous parallel child processor, 2015-12-15) to support a mode where the stdout and stderr of the processes isn't captured and output in a deterministic order, instead we'll leave it to the kernel and stdio to sort it out.

This gives the API same functionality as GNU parallel's --ungroup option. As we'll see in a subsequent commit the main reason to want this is to support stdout and stderr being connected to the TTY in the case of jobs=1, demonstrated here with GNU parallel:

	$ parallel --ungroup 'test -t {} && echo TTY || echo NTTY' ::: 1 2
	TTY
	TTY
	$ parallel 'test -t {} && echo TTY || echo NTTY' ::: 1 2
	NTTY
	NTTY

Another is as GNU parallel's documentation notes a potential for optimization. As demonstrated in next commit our results with "git hook run" will be similar, but generally speaking this shows that if you want to run processes in parallel where the exact order isn't important this can be a lot faster:

	$ hyperfine -r 3 -L o ,--ungroup 'parallel {o} seq ::: 10000000 >/dev/null '
	Benchmark 1: parallel  seq ::: 10000000 >/dev/null
	  Time (mean ± σ):     220.2 ms ±   9.3 ms    [User: 124.9 ms, System: 96.1 ms]
	  Range (min … max):   212.3 ms … 230.5 ms    3 runs
	Benchmark 2: parallel --ungroup seq ::: 10000000 >/dev/null
	  Time (mean ± σ):     154.7 ms ±   0.9 ms    [User: 136.2 ms, System: 25.1 ms]
	  Range (min … max):   153.9 ms … 155.7 ms    3 runs
	Summary
	  'parallel --ungroup seq ::: 10000000 >/dev/null ' ran
	    1.42 ± 0.06 times faster than 'parallel  seq ::: 10000000 >/dev/null '

A large part of the juggling in the API is to make the API safer for its maintenance and consumers alike.

For the maintenance of the API we e.g. avoid malloc()-ing the "pp->pfd", ensuring that SANITIZE=address and other similar tools will catch any unexpected misuse.

For API consumers we take pains to never pass the non-NULL "out" buffer to an API user that provided the "ungroup" option. The resulting code in t/helper/test-run-command.c isn't typical of such a user, i.e. they'd typically use one mode or the other, and would know whether they'd provided "ungroup" or not.

We could also avoid the strbuf_init() for "buffered_output" by having "struct parallel_processes" use a static PARALLEL_PROCESSES_INIT initializer, but let's leave that cleanup for later.

Using a global "run_processes_parallel_ungroup" variable to enable this option is rather nasty, but is being done here to produce as minimal of a change as possible for a subsequent regression fix. This change is extracted from a larger initial version[1] which ends up with a better end-state for the API, but in doing so needed to modify all existing callers of the API. Let's defer that for now, and narrowly focus on what we need for fixing the regression in the subsequent commit.

It's safe to do this with a global variable because:
 A) hook.c is the only user of it that sets it to non-zero, and before
    we'll get any other API users we'll refactor away this method of
    passing in the option, i.e. re-roll [1].
 B) Even if hook.c wasn't the only user we don't have callers of this
    API that concurrently invoke this parallel process starting API
    itself in parallel.

As noted above "A" && "B" are rather nasty, and we don't want to live with those caveats long-term, but for now they should be an acceptable compromise.

1. https://lore.kernel.org/git/cover-v2-0.8-00000000000-20220518T195858Z-avarab@gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
---
 run-command.c               | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 run-command.h               | 30 ++++++++++++----
 t/helper/test-run-command.c | 22 ++++++++++--
 t/t0061-run-command.sh      | 30 ++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index a8501e38ceb..7ab2dd28f3c 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -1471,6 +1471,7 @@ enum child_state {
 	GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP,
 };
 
+int run_processes_parallel_ungroup;
 struct parallel_processes {
 	void *data;
 
@@ -1494,6 +1495,7 @@ struct parallel_processes {
 	struct pollfd *pfd;
 
 	unsigned shutdown : 1;
+	unsigned ungroup : 1;
 
 	int output_owner;
 	struct strbuf buffered_output; /* of finished children */
@@ -1537,7 +1539,7 @@ static void pp_init(struct parallel_processes *pp,
 		    get_next_task_fn get_next_task,
 		    start_failure_fn start_failure,
 		    task_finished_fn task_finished,
-		    void *data)
+		    void *data, int ungroup)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -1559,15 +1561,21 @@ static void pp_init(struct parallel_processes *pp,
 	pp->nr_processes = 0;
 	pp->output_owner = 0;
 	pp->shutdown = 0;
+	pp->ungroup = ungroup;
 	CALLOC_ARRAY(pp->children, n);
-	CALLOC_ARRAY(pp->pfd, n);
+	if (pp->ungroup)
+		pp->pfd = NULL;
+	else
+		CALLOC_ARRAY(pp->pfd, n);
 	strbuf_init(&pp->buffered_output, 0);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		strbuf_init(&pp->children[i].err, 0);
 		child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
-		pp->pfd[i].events = POLLIN | POLLHUP;
-		pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
+		if (pp->pfd) {
+			pp->pfd[i].events = POLLIN | POLLHUP;
+			pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
+		}
 	}
 
 	pp_for_signal = pp;
@@ -1615,24 +1623,31 @@ static int pp_start_one(struct parallel_processes *pp)
 		BUG("bookkeeping is hard");
 
 	code = pp->get_next_task(&pp->children[i].process,
-				 &pp->children[i].err,
+				 pp->ungroup ? NULL : &pp->children[i].err,
 				 pp->data,
 				 &pp->children[i].data);
 	if (!code) {
-		strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
-		strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		if (!pp->ungroup) {
+			strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
+			strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		}
 		return 1;
 	}
-	pp->children[i].process.err = -1;
-	pp->children[i].process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	if (!pp->ungroup) {
+		pp->children[i].process.err = -1;
+		pp->children[i].process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	}
 	pp->children[i].process.no_stdin = 1;
 
 	if (start_command(&pp->children[i].process)) {
-		code = pp->start_failure(&pp->children[i].err,
+		code = pp->start_failure(pp->ungroup ? NULL :
+					 &pp->children[i].err,
 					 pp->data,
 					 pp->children[i].data);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
-		strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		if (!pp->ungroup) {
+			strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
+			strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
+		}
 		if (code)
 			pp->shutdown = 1;
 		return code;
@@ -1640,7 +1655,8 @@ static int pp_start_one(struct parallel_processes *pp)
 
 	pp->nr_processes++;
 	pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_WORKING;
-	pp->pfd[i].fd = pp->children[i].process.err;
+	if (pp->pfd)
+		pp->pfd[i].fd = pp->children[i].process.err;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1674,6 +1690,7 @@ static void pp_buffer_stderr(struct parallel_processes *pp, int output_timeout)
 static void pp_output(struct parallel_processes *pp)
 {
 	int i = pp->output_owner;
+
 	if (pp->children[i].state == GIT_CP_WORKING &&
 	    pp->children[i].err.len) {
 		strbuf_write(&pp->children[i].err, stderr);
@@ -1696,7 +1713,7 @@ static int pp_collect_finished(struct parallel_processes *pp)
 
 		code = finish_command(&pp->children[i].process);
 
-		code = pp->task_finished(code,
+		code = pp->task_finished(code, pp->ungroup ? NULL :
 					 &pp->children[i].err, pp->data,
 					 pp->children[i].data);
 
@@ -1707,10 +1724,13 @@ static int pp_collect_finished(struct parallel_processes *pp)
 
 		pp->nr_processes--;
 		pp->children[i].state = GIT_CP_FREE;
-		pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
+		if (pp->pfd)
+			pp->pfd[i].fd = -1;
 		child_process_init(&pp->children[i].process);
 
-		if (i != pp->output_owner) {
+		if (pp->ungroup) {
+			; /* no strbuf_*() work to do here */
+		} else if (i != pp->output_owner) {
 			strbuf_addbuf(&pp->buffered_output, &pp->children[i].err);
 			strbuf_reset(&pp->children[i].err);
 		} else {
@@ -1747,9 +1767,14 @@ int run_processes_parallel(int n,
 	int i, code;
 	int output_timeout = 100;
 	int spawn_cap = 4;
+	int ungroup = run_processes_parallel_ungroup;
 	struct parallel_processes pp;
 
-	pp_init(&pp, n, get_next_task, start_failure, task_finished, pp_cb);
+	/* unset for the next API user */
+	run_processes_parallel_ungroup = 0;
+
+	pp_init(&pp, n, get_next_task, start_failure, task_finished, pp_cb,
+		ungroup);
 	while (1) {
 		for (i = 0;
 		    i < spawn_cap && !pp.shutdown &&
@@ -1766,8 +1791,15 @@ int run_processes_parallel(int n,
 		}
 		if (!pp.nr_processes)
 			break;
-		pp_buffer_stderr(&pp, output_timeout);
-		pp_output(&pp);
+		if (ungroup) {
+			int i;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < pp.max_processes; i++)
+				pp.children[i].state = GIT_CP_WAIT_CLEANUP;
+		} else {
+			pp_buffer_stderr(&pp, output_timeout);
+			pp_output(&pp);
+		}
 		code = pp_collect_finished(&pp);
 		if (code) {
 			pp.shutdown = 1;
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 5bd0c933e80..bf4236f1164 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -405,6 +405,9 @@ void check_pipe(int err);
  * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed to run_processes_parallel.
  * You can store a child process specific callback cookie in pp_task_cb.
  *
+ * See run_processes_parallel() below for a discussion of the "struct
+ * strbuf *out" parameter.
+ *
  * Even after returning 0 to indicate that there are no more processes,
  * this function will be called again until there are no more running
  * child processes.
@@ -423,9 +426,8 @@ typedef int (*get_next_task_fn)(struct child_process *cp,
  * This callback is called whenever there are problems starting
  * a new process.
  *
- * You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
- * message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
- * messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
+ * See run_processes_parallel() below for a discussion of the "struct
+ * strbuf *out" parameter.
  *
  * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
  * pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
@@ -441,9 +443,8 @@ typedef int (*start_failure_fn)(struct strbuf *out,
 /**
  * This callback is called on every child process that finished processing.
  *
- * You must not write to stdout or stderr in this function. Add your
- * message to the strbuf out instead, which will be printed without
- * messing up the output of the other parallel processes.
+ * See run_processes_parallel() below for a discussion of the "struct
+ * strbuf *out" parameter.
  *
  * pp_cb is the callback cookie as passed into run_processes_parallel,
  * pp_task_cb is the callback cookie as passed into get_next_task_fn.
@@ -464,11 +465,26 @@ typedef int (*task_finished_fn)(int result,
  *
  * The children started via this function run in parallel. Their output
  * (both stdout and stderr) is routed to stderr in a manner that output
- * from different tasks does not interleave.
+ * from different tasks does not interleave (but see "ungroup" below).
  *
  * start_failure_fn and task_finished_fn can be NULL to omit any
  * special handling.
+ *
+ * If the "ungroup" option isn't specified, the API will set the
+ * "stdout_to_stderr" parameter in "struct child_process" and provide
+ * the callbacks with a "struct strbuf *out" parameter to write output
+ * to. In this case the callbacks must not write to stdout or
+ * stderr as such output will mess up the output of the other parallel
+ * processes. If "ungroup" option is specified callbacks will get a
+ * NULL "struct strbuf *out" parameter, and are responsible for
+ * emitting their own output, including dealing with any race
+ * conditions due to writing in parallel to stdout and stderr.
+ * The "ungroup" option can be enabled by setting the global
+ * "run_processes_parallel_ungroup" to "1" before invoking
+ * run_processes_parallel(), it will be set back to "0" as soon as the
+ * API reads that setting.
  */
+extern int run_processes_parallel_ungroup;
 int run_processes_parallel(int n,
 			   get_next_task_fn,
 			   start_failure_fn,
diff --git a/t/helper/test-run-command.c b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
index f3b90aa834a..34cce45b584 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-run-command.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-run-command.c
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ static int parallel_next(struct child_process *cp,
 		return 0;
 
 	strvec_pushv(&cp->args, d->args.v);
-	strbuf_addstr(err, "preloaded output of a child\n");
+	if (err)
+		strbuf_addstr(err, "preloaded output of a child\n");
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "preloaded output of a child\n");
+
 	number_callbacks++;
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -41,7 +45,10 @@ static int no_job(struct child_process *cp,
 		  void *cb,
 		  void **task_cb)
 {
-	strbuf_addstr(err, "no further jobs available\n");
+	if (err)
+		strbuf_addstr(err, "no further jobs available\n");
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "no further jobs available\n");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -50,7 +57,10 @@ static int task_finished(int result,
 			 void *pp_cb,
 			 void *pp_task_cb)
 {
-	strbuf_addstr(err, "asking for a quick stop\n");
+	if (err)
+		strbuf_addstr(err, "asking for a quick stop\n");
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "asking for a quick stop\n");
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -407,6 +417,12 @@ int cmd__run_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-command"))
 		exit(run_command(&proc));
 
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--ungroup")) {
+		argv += 1;
+		argc -= 1;
+		run_processes_parallel_ungroup = 1;
+	}
+
 	jobs = atoi(argv[2]);
 	strvec_clear(&proc.args);
 	strvec_pushv(&proc.args, (const char **)argv + 3);
diff --git a/t/t0061-run-command.sh b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
index ee281909bc3..7b5423eebda 100755
--- a/t/t0061-run-command.sh
+++ b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
@@ -134,16 +134,34 @@ test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with more jobs available than
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs ungrouped in parallel with more jobs available than tasks' '
+	test-tool run-command --ungroup run-command-parallel 5 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" >out 2>err &&
+	test_line_count = 8 out &&
+	test_line_count = 4 err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with as many jobs as tasks' '
 	test-tool run-command run-command-parallel 4 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs ungrouped in parallel with as many jobs as tasks' '
+	test-tool run-command --ungroup run-command-parallel 4 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" >out 2>err &&
+	test_line_count = 8 out &&
+	test_line_count = 4 err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'run_command runs in parallel with more tasks than jobs available' '
 	test-tool run-command run-command-parallel 3 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" 2>actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run_command runs ungrouped in parallel with more tasks than jobs available' '
+	test-tool run-command --ungroup run-command-parallel 3 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" >out 2>err &&
+	test_line_count = 8 out &&
+	test_line_count = 4 err
+'
+
 cat >expect <<-EOF
 preloaded output of a child
 asking for a quick stop
@@ -158,6 +176,12 @@ test_expect_success 'run_command is asked to abort gracefully' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run_command is asked to abort gracefully (ungroup)' '
+	test-tool run-command --ungroup run-command-abort 3 false >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_line_count = 6 err
+'
+
 cat >expect <<-EOF
 no further jobs available
 EOF
@@ -167,6 +191,12 @@ test_expect_success 'run_command outputs ' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run_command outputs (ungroup) ' '
+	test-tool run-command --ungroup run-command-no-jobs 3 sh -c "printf \"%s\n%s\n\" Hello World" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_cmp expect err
+'
+
 test_trace () {
 	expect="$1"
 	shift

-- 
2.36.1.1103.gb3ecdfb3e6a
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Message 73 of 85 in “git 2.36.0 regression: pre-commit hooks no longer have stdout/stderr as tty”
  1. Anthony SottileApr 19, 2022
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  15. 0/6 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  16. 1/6 run-command API: replace run_processes_parallel_tr2() with opts structÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  17. Junio C HamanoApr 23, 2022
  18. Emily ShafferApr 28, 2022
  19. Junio C HamanoApr 29, 2022
  20. 2/6 run-command tests: test stdout of run_command_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  21. Junio C HamanoApr 23, 2022
  22. 6/6 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  23. Emily ShafferApr 28, 2022
  24. Junio C HamanoApr 29, 2022
  25. 3/6 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  26. Junio C HamanoApr 23, 2022
  27. Emily ShafferApr 28, 2022
  28. 4/6 hook tests: fix redirection logic error in 96e7225b310Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  29. Junio C HamanoApr 23, 2022
  30. 5/6 hook API: don't redundantly re-set "no_stdin" and "stdout_to_stderr"Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Apr 21, 2022
  31. Junio C HamanoApr 29, 2022
  32. Junio C HamanoApr 21, 2022
  33. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonApr 21, 2022
  34. 0/8 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  35. 1/8 run-command tests: change if/if/... to if/else if/elseÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  36. 2/8 run-command API: use "opts" struct for run_processes_parallel{,_tr2}()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  37. Junio C HamanoMay 18, 2022
  38. Emily ShafferMay 25, 2022
  39. 3/8 run-command tests: test stdout of run_command_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  40. 4/8 run-command.c: add an initializer for "struct parallel_processes"Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  41. 7/8 hook API: don't redundantly re-set "no_stdin" and "stdout_to_stderr"Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  42. 6/8 hook tests: fix redirection logic error in 96e7225b310Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  43. 8/8 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
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  46. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonMay 26, 2022
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  48. 5/8 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 18, 2022
  49. Junio C HamanoMay 18, 2022
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  51. Junio C HamanoMay 27, 2022
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  54. Junio C HamanoMay 25, 2022
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  56. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonMay 26, 2022
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  58. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonMay 26, 2022
  59. Junio C HamanoMay 26, 2022
  60. 0/2 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 27, 2022
  61. 1/2 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 27, 2022
  62. Junio C HamanoMay 27, 2022
  63. 2/2 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 27, 2022
  64. Junio C HamanoMay 27, 2022
  65. 0/2 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 31, 2022
  66. 1/2 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 31, 2022
  67. Johannes SchindelinJun 1, 2022
  68. Junio C HamanoJun 1, 2022
  69. 2/2 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, May 31, 2022
  70. Johannes SchindelinJun 1, 2022
  71. Johannes SchindelinJun 1, 2022
  72. 0/2 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 2, 2022
  73. 1/2 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 2, 2022
  74. 2/2 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 2, 2022
  75. Junio C HamanoJun 2, 2022
  76. Phillip WoodJun 3, 2022
  77. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonJun 3, 2022
  78. Phillip WoodJun 3, 2022
  79. Ævar Arnfjörð BjarmasonJun 7, 2022
  80. 0/2 hook API: connect hooks to the TTY again, fixes a v2.36.0 regressionÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 7, 2022
  81. 2/2 hook API: fix v2.36.0 regression: hooks should be connected to a TTYÆvar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 7, 2022
  82. Junio C HamanoJun 7, 2022
  83. 1/2 run-command: add an "ungroup" option to run_process_parallel()Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason, Jun 7, 2022
  84. Emily ShafferJun 17, 2022
  85. Junio C HamanoJun 7, 2022

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