[PATCH v10 0/3] Add unit test framework and project plan

In our current testing environment, we spend a significant amount of effort crafting end-to-end tests for error conditions that could easily be captured by unit tests (or we simply forgo some hard-to-setup and rare error conditions). Unit tests additionally provide stability to the codebase and can simplify debugging through isolation. Turning parts of Git into libraries[1] gives us the ability to run unit tests on the libraries and to write unit tests in C. Writing unit tests in pure C, rather than with our current shell/test-tool helper setup, simplifies test setup, simplifies passing data around (no shell-isms required), and reduces testing runtime by not spawning a separate process for every test invocation.

This series begins with a project document covering our goals for adding unit tests and a discussion of alternative frameworks considered, as well as the features used to evaluate them. A rendered preview of this doc can be found at [2]. It also adds Phillip Wood's TAP implemenation (with some slightly re-worked Makefile rules) and a sample strbuf unit test. Finally, we modify the configs for GitHub and Cirrus CI to run the unit tests. Sample runs showing successful CI runs can be found at [3], [4], and [5].

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CAJoAoZ=Cig_kLocxKGax31sU7Xe4==BGzC__Bg2_pr7krNq6MA@mail.gmail.com/
[2] https://github.com/steadmon/git/blob/unit-tests-asciidoc/Documentation/technical/unit-tests.adoc
[3] https://github.com/steadmon/git/actions/runs/5884659246/job/15959781385#step:4:1803
[4] https://github.com/steadmon/git/actions/runs/5884659246/job/15959938401#step:5:186
[5] https://cirrus-ci.com/task/6126304366428160 (unrelated tests failed,
    but note that t-strbuf ran successfully)

Changes in v10:
- Included a promised style cleanup in test-lib.c that was accidentally
  dropped in v9.

Changes in v9:
- Included some asciidoc cleanups suggested by Oswald Buddenhagen.
- Applied a style fixup that Coccinelle complained about.
- Applied some NULL-safety fixups.
- Used check_*() more widely in t-strbuf helper functions

Changes in v8:
- Flipped return values for TEST, TEST_TODO, and check_* macros &
  functions. This makes it easier to reason about control flow for
  patterns like:
    if (check(some_condition)) { ... }
- Moved unit test binaries to t/unit-tests/bin to simplify .gitignore
  patterns.
- Removed testing of some strbuf implementation details in t-strbuf.c

Changes in v7:
- Fix corrupt diff in patch #2, sorry for the noise.

Changes in v6:
- Officially recommend using Phillip Wood's TAP framework
- Add an example strbuf unit test using the TAP framework as well as
  Makefile integration
- Run unit tests in CI

Changes in v5:
- Add comparison point "License".
- Discuss feature priorities
- Drop frameworks:
  - Incompatible licenses: libtap, cmocka
  - Missing source: MyTAP
  - No TAP support: µnit, cmockery, cmockery2, Unity, minunit, CUnit
- Drop comparison point "Coverage reports": this can generally be
  handled by tools such as `gcov` regardless of the framework used.
- Drop comparison point "Inline tests": there didn't seem to be
  strong interest from reviewers for this feature.
- Drop comparison point "Scheduling / re-running": this was not
  supported by any of the main contenders, and is generally better
  handled by the harness rather than framework.
- Drop comparison point "Lazy test planning": this was supported by
  all frameworks that provide TAP output.

Changes in v4:
- Add link anchors for the framework comparison dimensions
- Explain "Partial" results for each dimension
- Use consistent dimension names in the section headers and comparison
  tables
- Add "Project KLOC", "Adoption", and "Inline tests" dimensions
- Fill in a few of the missing entries in the comparison table

Changes in v3:
- Expand the doc with discussion of desired features and a WIP
  comparison.
- Drop all implementation patches until a framework is selected.
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230517-unit-tests-v2-v2-0-21b5b60f4b32@google.com

Josh Steadmon (2):
  unit tests: Add a project plan document
  ci: run unit tests in CI

Phillip Wood (1):
  unit tests: add TAP unit test framework

 .cirrus.yml                            |   2 +-
 Documentation/Makefile                 |   1 +
 Documentation/technical/unit-tests.txt | 240 ++++++++++++++++++
 Makefile                               |  28 ++-
 ci/run-build-and-tests.sh              |   2 +
 ci/run-test-slice.sh                   |   5 +
 t/Makefile                             |  15 +-
 t/t0080-unit-test-output.sh            |  58 +++++
 t/unit-tests/.gitignore                |   1 +
 t/unit-tests/t-basic.c                 |  95 +++++++
 t/unit-tests/t-strbuf.c                | 120 +++++++++
 t/unit-tests/test-lib.c                | 330 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 t/unit-tests/test-lib.h                | 149 +++++++++++
 13 files changed, 1041 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/technical/unit-tests.txt
 create mode 100755 t/t0080-unit-test-output.sh
 create mode 100644 t/unit-tests/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 t/unit-tests/t-basic.c
 create mode 100644 t/unit-tests/t-strbuf.c
 create mode 100644 t/unit-tests/test-lib.c
 create mode 100644 t/unit-tests/test-lib.h

Range-diff against v9:
-:  ---------- > 1:  f706ba9b68 unit tests: Add a project plan document
1:  8b831f4937 ! 2:  7a5e21bcff unit tests: add TAP unit test framework
    @@ t/unit-tests/test-lib.c (new)
     +	if (ctx.result == RESULT_SKIP) {
     +		test_msg("skipping check '%s' at %s", check, location);
     +		return 1;
    -+	} else if (!ctx.todo) {
    ++	}
    ++	if (!ctx.todo) {
     +		if (ok) {
     +			test_pass();
     +		} else {
2:  08d27bb5f9 = 3:  0129ec062c ci: run unit tests in CI

base-commit: a9e066fa63149291a55f383cfa113d8bdbdaa6b3