Re: [PATCH] refspec: initalize `refspec_item` in `valid_fetch_refspec()`

> 
> On Mon, Jun 04 2018, Martin Ågren wrote:
> 
> > We allocate a `struct refspec_item` on the stack without initializing
> > it. In particular, its `dst` and `src` members will contain some random
> > data from the stack. When we later call `refspec_item_clear()`, it will
> > call `free()` on those pointers. So if the call to `parse_refspec()` did
> > not assign to them, we will be freeing some random "pointers". This is
> > undefined behavior.
> >
> > To the best of my understanding, this cannot currently be triggered by
> > user-provided data. And for what it's worth, the test-suite does not
> > trigger this with SANITIZE=address. It can be provoked by calling
> > `valid_fetch_refspec(":*")`.
> >
> > Zero the struct, as is done in other users of `struct refspec_item`.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
> > ---
> > I found some time to look into this. It does not seem to be a
> > user-visible bug, so not particularly critical.
> >
> >  refspec.c | 5 ++++-
> >  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/refspec.c b/refspec.c
> > index ada7854f7a..7dd7e361e5 100644
> > --- a/refspec.c
> > +++ b/refspec.c
> > @@ -189,7 +189,10 @@ void refspec_clear(struct refspec *rs)
> >  int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *fetch_refspec_str)
> >  {
> >  	struct refspec_item refspec;
> > -	int ret = parse_refspec(&refspec, fetch_refspec_str, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> > +	int ret;
> > +
> > +	memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
> > +	ret = parse_refspec(&refspec, fetch_refspec_str, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> >  	refspec_item_clear(&refspec);
> >  	return ret;
> >  }
> 
> I think this makes more sense instead of this fix:

> 
> diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
> index 99e73dae85..74a804f2e8 100644
> --- a/builtin/clone.c
> +++ b/builtin/clone.c
> @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
>  	if (option_required_reference.nr || option_optional_reference.nr)
>  		setup_reference();
> 
> -	refspec_item_init(&refspec, value.buf, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> +	refspec_item_init_or_die(&refspec, value.buf, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> 
>  	strbuf_reset(&value);
> 
> diff --git a/builtin/pull.c b/builtin/pull.c
> index 1f2ecf3a88..bb64631d98 100644
> --- a/builtin/pull.c
> +++ b/builtin/pull.c
> @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ static const char *get_tracking_branch(const char *remote, const char *refspec)
>  	const char *spec_src;
>  	const char *merge_branch;
> 
> -	refspec_item_init(&spec, refspec, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> +	refspec_item_init_or_die(&spec, refspec, REFSPEC_FETCH);
>  	spec_src = spec.src;
>  	if (!*spec_src || !strcmp(spec_src, "HEAD"))
>  		spec_src = "HEAD";
> diff --git a/refspec.c b/refspec.c
> index 78edc48ae8..8806df0fd2 100644
> --- a/refspec.c
> +++ b/refspec.c
> @@ -124,11 +124,16 @@ static int parse_refspec(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fet
>  	return 1;
>  }
> 
> -void refspec_item_init(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch)
> +int refspec_item_init(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch)
>  {
>  	memset(item, 0, sizeof(*item));
> +	int ret = parse_refspec(item, refspec, fetch);
> +	return ret;
> +}
> 
> -	if (!parse_refspec(item, refspec, fetch))
> +void refspec_item_init_or_die(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch)
> +{
> +	if (!refspec_item_init(item, refspec, fetch))
>  		die("Invalid refspec '%s'", refspec);
>  }
> 
> @@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ void refspec_append(struct refspec *rs, const char *refspec)
>  {
>  	struct refspec_item item;
> 
> -	refspec_item_init(&item, refspec, rs->fetch);
> +	refspec_item_init_or_die(&item, refspec, rs->fetch);
> 
>  	ALLOC_GROW(rs->items, rs->nr + 1, rs->alloc);
>  	rs->items[rs->nr++] = item;
> @@ -191,7 +196,7 @@ void refspec_clear(struct refspec *rs)
>  int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *fetch_refspec_str)
>  {
>  	struct refspec_item refspec;
> -	int ret = parse_refspec(&refspec, fetch_refspec_str, REFSPEC_FETCH);
> +	int ret = refspec_item_init(&refspec, fetch_refspec_str, REFSPEC_FETCH);
>  	refspec_item_clear(&refspec);
>  	return ret;
>  }
> diff --git a/refspec.h b/refspec.h
> index 3a9363887c..ed5d997f7f 100644
> --- a/refspec.h
> +++ b/refspec.h
> @@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ struct refspec {
>  	int fetch;
>  };
> 
> -void refspec_item_init(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch);
> +int refspec_item_init(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch);
> +void refspec_item_init_or_die(struct refspec_item *item, const char *refspec, int fetch);
>  void refspec_item_clear(struct refspec_item *item);
>  void refspec_init(struct refspec *rs, int fetch);
>  void refspec_append(struct refspec *rs, const char *refspec);
> 
> I.e. let's fix the bug, but with this admittedly more verbose fix we're
> left with exactly two memset() in refspec.c, one for each type of struct
> that's initialized by the API.
> 
> The reason this is difficult now is because the current API conflates
> the init function with an init_or_die, which is what most callers want,
> so let's just split those concerns up. Then we're left with one init
> function that does the memset.