Re: [PATCH 3/4] get_packed_refs: reload packed-refs file when it changes

> Once we read the packed-refs file into memory, we cache it
> to save work on future ref lookups. However, our cache may
> be out of date with respect to what is on disk if another
> process is simultaneously packing the refs. Normally it
> is acceptable for us to be a little out of date, since there
> is no guarantee whether we read the file before or after the
> simultaneous update. However, there is an important special
> case: our packed-refs file must be up to date with respect
> to any loose refs we read. Otherwise, we risk the following
> race condition:
> 
>   0. There exists a loose ref refs/heads/master.
> 
>   1. Process A starts and looks up the ref "master". It
>      first checks $GIT_DIR/master, which does not exist. It
>      then loads (and caches) the packed-refs file to see if
>      "master" exists in it, which it does not.
> 
>   2. Meanwhile, process B runs "pack-refs --all --prune". It
>      creates a new packed-refs file which contains
>      refs/heads/master, and removes the loose copy at
>      $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master.
> 
>   3. Process A continues its lookup, and eventually tries
>      $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master.  It sees that the loose ref
>      is missing, and falls back to the packed-refs file. But
>      it examines its cached version, which does not have
>      refs/heads/master. After trying a few other prefixes,
>      it reports master as a non-existent ref.
> 
> There are many variants (e.g., step 1 may involve process A
> looking up another ref entirely, so even a fully qualified
> refname can fail). One of the most interesting ones is if
> "refs/heads/master" is already packed. In that case process
> A will not see it as missing, but rather will report
> whatever value happened to be in the packed-refs file before
> process B repacked (which might be an arbitrarily old
> value).
> 
> We can fix this by making sure we reload the packed-refs
> file from disk after looking at any loose refs. That's
> unacceptably slow, so we can check it's stat()-validity as a
> proxy, and read it only when it appears to have changed.
> 
> Reading the packed-refs file after performing any loose-ref
> system calls is sufficient because we know the ordering of
> the pack-refs process: it always makes sure the newly
> written packed-refs file is installed into place before
> pruning any loose refs. As long as those operations by B
> appear in their executed order to process A, by the time A
> sees the missing loose ref, the new packed-refs file must be
> in place.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
> ---
> I hooked the refreshing into get_packed_refs, since then all callers get
> it for free. It makes me a little nervous, though, just in case some
> caller really cares about calling get_packed_refs but not having the
> list of packed-refs change during the call. peel_ref looks like such a
> function, but isn't, for reasons I'll explain in a followup patch.
> 
> Clone also looks like such a caller, as it calls get_packed_refs once
> for each upstream ref it adds (it puts them in the packed-refs list, and
> then writes them all out at the end). But it's OK because there is no
> packed-refs file for it to refresh from.
> 
> An alternative would be to move the refreshing to an explicit
> refresh_packed_refs() function, and call it from a few places
> (resolve_ref, and later from do_for_each_ref).

>  refs.c | 20 +++++++++++++++-----
>  1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
> index 5a14703..6afe8cc 100644
> --- a/refs.c
> +++ b/refs.c
> @@ -708,6 +708,7 @@ static struct ref_cache {
>  	struct ref_cache *next;
>  	struct ref_entry *loose;
>  	struct ref_entry *packed;
> +	struct stat_validity packed_validity;
>  	/* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
>  	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
>  } *ref_cache;
> @@ -717,6 +718,7 @@ static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
>  	if (refs->packed) {
>  		free_ref_entry(refs->packed);
>  		refs->packed = NULL;
> +		stat_validity_clear(&refs->packed_validity);
>  	}
>  }
>  
> @@ -878,17 +880,25 @@ static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
>  
>  static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
>  {
> +	const char *packed_refs_file;
> +
> +	if (*refs->name)
> +		packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
> +	else
> +		packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
> +
> +	if (refs->packed &&
> +	    !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed_validity, packed_refs_file))
> +		clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
> +
>  	if (!refs->packed) {
> -		const char *packed_refs_file;
>  		FILE *f;
>  
>  		refs->packed = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
> -		if (*refs->name)
> -			packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
> -		else
> -			packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
> +
>  		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
>  		if (f) {
> +			stat_validity_update(&refs->packed_validity, fileno(f));
>  			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed));
>  			fclose(f);
>  		}
>