patch, 8 partstag: Remove a TODO item from the test suite

diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index b4698ab5f5..876ccfc830 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ tag_exists () {
 	git show-ref --quiet --verify refs/tags/"$1"
 }
 
-# todo: git tag -l now returns always zero, when fixed, change this test
 test_expect_success 'listing all tags in an empty tree should succeed' '
 	git tag -l &&
 	git tag
@@ -136,7 +135,6 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'listing a tag using a matching pattern should output that tag' \
 	'test $(git tag -l mytag) = mytag'
 
-# todo: git tag -l now returns always zero, when fixed, change this test
 test_expect_success \
 	'listing tags using a non-matching pattern should suceed' \
 	'git tag -l xxx'

diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 3faf7eb884..9ef624ce38 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -98,12 +98,17 @@ should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
 prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
 identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
 
-  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
-  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
+  . doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing
+  . githooks.txt: improve the intro section
 
 If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
 files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
 
+It's customary to start the remainder of the first line after "area: "
+with a lower-case letter. E.g. "doc: clarify...", not "doc:
+Clarify...", or "githooks.txt: improve...", not "githooks.txt:
+Improve...".
+
 The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
 
   . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong

diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 9ef624ce38..78c8e36a4b 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -134,8 +134,17 @@ with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this:
     noticed that ...
 
 The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this
-format.
+format, or this invocation of "git show":
 
+    git show -s --date=format:%Y-%m-%d --pretty='commit %h ("%s", %ad)' <commit>
+
+To turn that into a handy alias:
+
+    git config --global alias.git-commit-summary "show -s --date=format:%Y-%m-%d --pretty='commit %h (\"%s\", %ad)'"
+
+And then to get the commit summary:
+
+    git git-commit-summary <commit>
 
 (3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
 

Documentation/git-tag.txt, builtin/tag.c, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 2acd3b6beb..e7793afad1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -82,10 +82,11 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -n<num>::
 	<num> specifies how many lines from the annotation, if any,
-	are printed when using -l.
-	The default is not to print any annotation lines.
-	If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
-	If the tag is not annotated, the commit message is displayed instead.
+	are printed when using -l. Implies `--list`.
++
+The default is not to print any annotation lines.
+If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
+If the tag is not annotated, the commit message is displayed instead.
 
 -l::
 --list::
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 3483636e59..2da28a5ce6 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!cmdmode && !create_tag_object) {
 		if (argc == 0)
 			cmdmode = 'l';
-		else if (filter.with_commit || filter.points_at.nr || filter.merge_commit)
+		else if (filter.with_commit || filter.points_at.nr || filter.merge_commit || filter.lines != -1)
 			cmdmode = 'l';
 	}
 
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 5c94932f0f..ba1ab1f21c 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -639,6 +639,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git tag -n0 -l tag-one-line >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
+	git tag -n0 | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -n0 tag-one-line >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
 	echo "tag-one-line    A msg" >expect &&
 	git tag -n1 -l | grep "^tag-one-line" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -652,6 +657,17 @@ test_expect_success \
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'The -n 100 invocation means -n --list 100, not -n100' '
+	>expect &&
+	git tag -n 100 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git tag -m "A msg" 100 &&
+	echo "100             A msg" >expect &&
+	git tag -n 100 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
 	'listing the zero-lines message of a non-signed tag should succeed' '
 	git tag -m "" tag-zero-lines &&
@@ -1495,7 +1511,6 @@ test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -a -s -m -F &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -a -s -m -F -l &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -v &&
-	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 -v &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file &&

builtin/tag.c, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index ad29be6923..0bba3fd070 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -454,10 +454,10 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	create_tag_object = (opt.sign || annotate || msg.given || msgfile);
 
-	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode)
+	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode && !create_tag_object)
 		cmdmode = 'l';
 
-	if ((create_tag_object || force) && (cmdmode != 0))
+	if ((create_tag_object || force) && (cmdmode || (!cmdmode && !argc)))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 
 	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 876ccfc830..74fc82a3c0 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1455,6 +1455,19 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that initial commit is in all tags' "
 
 test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -a &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -a -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -s &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -s -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m "hlagh" &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -m "hlagh" -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -F &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -F -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -f &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -f -l &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -a -s -m -F &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -a -s -m -F -l &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -v &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg &&

diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 428e21c369..f7ff4e034b 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag --contains --no-contains
 '
 
-for option in --contains --no-contains --merged --no-merged --points-at
+for option in --contains --with --no-contains --without --merged --no-merged --points-at
 do
 	test_expect_success "mixing incompatible modes with $option is forbidden" "
 		test_must_fail git tag -d $option HEAD &&

Documentation/git-tag.txt, builtin/tag.c, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index d0b506f120..1d66348b6a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -136,7 +136,8 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
 	not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --points-at <object>::
-	Only list tags of the given object. Implies `--list`.
+	Only list tags of the given object (HEAD if not
+	specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index f91ae171b7..300f831fb1 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -433,7 +433,8 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     N_("field name to sort on"), &parse_opt_ref_sorting),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", &filter.points_at, N_("object"),
-			N_("print only tags of the object"), 0, parse_opt_object_name
+			N_("print only tags of the object"), PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
+			parse_opt_object_name, (intptr_t) "HEAD"
 		},
 		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
 		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &icase, N_("sorting and filtering are case insensitive")),
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index f7ff4e034b..112d96b4ce 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1601,7 +1601,8 @@ do
 	"
 	test_expect_success "Doing 'git tag --list-like $option <commit> <pattern> is permitted" "
 		git tag -n $option HEAD HEAD &&
-		git tag $option HEAD HEAD
+		git tag $option HEAD HEAD &&
+		git tag $option
 	"
 done
 
@@ -1613,6 +1614,11 @@ test_expect_success '--points-at can be used in non-list mode' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--points-at is a synonym for --points-at HEAD' '
+	git tag --points-at >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--points-at finds lightweight tags' '
 	echo v4.0 >expect &&
 	git tag --points-at v4.0 >actual &&

Documentation/git-tag.txt, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 525737a5d8..848e8c1b73 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -87,13 +87,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
 	If the tag is not annotated, the commit message is displayed instead.
 
--l <pattern>::
---list <pattern>::
-	List tags with names that match the given pattern (or all if no
-	pattern is given).  Running "git tag" without arguments also
-	lists all tags. The pattern is a shell wildcard (i.e., matched
-	using fnmatch(3)).  Multiple patterns may be given; if any of
-	them matches, the tag is shown.
+-l::
+--list::
+	Activate the list mode. `git tag <pattern>` would try to create a
+	tag, use `git tag --list <pattern>` to list matching branches, (or
+	all if no pattern is given).
++
+Running "git tag" without arguments also lists all tags. The pattern
+is a shell wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)). Multiple
+patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown.
 
 --sort=<key>::
 	Sort based on the key given.  Prefix `-` to sort in
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index 74fc82a3c0..d36cd51fe2 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -118,6 +118,18 @@ test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should succeed' '
 	git tag
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+mytag
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'Multiple -l or --list options are equivalent to one -l option' '
+	git tag -l -l >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag --list --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag --list -l --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'listing all tags if one exists should output that tag' '
 	test $(git tag -l) = mytag &&
 	test $(git tag) = mytag
@@ -336,6 +348,15 @@ test_expect_success 'tag -l can accept multiple patterns' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tag -l can accept multiple patterns interleaved with -l or --list options' '
+	git tag -l "v1*" "v0*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -l "v1*" --list "v0*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git tag -l "v1*" "v0*" -l --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'listing tags in column' '
 	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l --column=row >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&

Documentation/git-tag.txt, builtin/tag.c, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 848e8c1b73..2acd3b6beb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ OPTIONS
 Running "git tag" without arguments also lists all tags. The pattern
 is a shell wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)). Multiple
 patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown.
++
+This option is implicitly supplied if any other list-like option such
+as `--contains` is provided. See the documentation for each of those
+options for details.
 
 --sort=<key>::
 	Sort based on the key given.  Prefix `-` to sort in
@@ -124,10 +128,10 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
 
 --contains [<commit>]::
 	Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
-	specified).
+	specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --points-at <object>::
-	Only list tags of the given object.
+	Only list tags of the given object. Implies `--list`.
 
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
 --[no-]merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list tags whose tips are reachable, or not reachable
 	if `--no-merged` is used, from the specified commit (`HEAD`
-	if not specified).
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 0bba3fd070..3483636e59 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -454,8 +454,12 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	create_tag_object = (opt.sign || annotate || msg.given || msgfile);
 
-	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode && !create_tag_object)
-		cmdmode = 'l';
+	if (!cmdmode && !create_tag_object) {
+		if (argc == 0)
+			cmdmode = 'l';
+		else if (filter.with_commit || filter.points_at.nr || filter.merge_commit)
+			cmdmode = 'l';
+	}
 
 	if ((create_tag_object || force) && (cmdmode || (!cmdmode && !argc)))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
@@ -483,15 +487,16 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (column_active(colopts))
 			stop_column_filter();
 		return ret;
+	} else {
+		if (filter.lines != -1)
+			die(_("-n option is only allowed in list mode."));
+		if (filter.with_commit)
+			die(_("--contains option is only allowed in list mode."));
+		if (filter.points_at.nr)
+			die(_("--points-at option is only allowed in list mode."));
+		if (filter.merge_commit)
+			die(_("--merged and --no-merged options are only allowed in list mode."));
 	}
-	if (filter.lines != -1)
-		die(_("-n option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (filter.with_commit)
-		die(_("--contains option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (filter.points_at.nr)
-		die(_("--points-at option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (filter.merge_commit)
-		die(_("--merged and --no-merged option are only allowed with -l"));
 	if (cmdmode == 'd')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag, NULL);
 	if (cmdmode == 'v') {
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index d36cd51fe2..5c94932f0f 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1472,6 +1472,11 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that initial commit is in all tags' "
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'checking that --contains can be used in non-list mode' '
+	git tag --contains $hash1 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 # mixing modes and options:
 
 test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
@@ -1491,15 +1496,31 @@ test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -a -s -m -F -l &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -v &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 &&
+	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 -v &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -v -s
 '
 
+for option in --contains --merged --no-merged --points-at
+do
+	test_expect_success "mixing incompatible modes with $option is forbidden" "
+		test_must_fail git tag -d $option HEAD &&
+		test_must_fail git tag -d $option HEAD some-tag &&
+		test_must_fail git tag -v $option HEAD
+	"
+	test_expect_success "Doing 'git tag --list-like $option <commit> <pattern> is permitted" "
+		git tag -n $option HEAD HEAD &&
+		git tag $option HEAD HEAD
+	"
+done
+
 # check points-at
 
-test_expect_success '--points-at cannot be used in non-list mode' '
-	test_must_fail git tag --points-at=v4.0 foo
+test_expect_success '--points-at can be used in non-list mode' '
+	echo v4.0 >expect &&
+	git tag --points-at=v4.0 "v*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--points-at finds lightweight tags' '
@@ -1776,8 +1797,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup --merged test tags' '
 	git tag mergetest-3 HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--merged cannot be used in non-list mode' '
-	test_must_fail git tag --merged=mergetest-2 foo
+test_expect_success '--merged can be used in non-list mode' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	mergetest-1
+	mergetest-2
+	EOF
+	git tag --merged=mergetest-2 "mergetest*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--merged shows merged tags' '
@@ -1797,6 +1823,11 @@ test_expect_success '--no-merged show unmerged tags' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--no-merged can be used in non-list mode' '
+	git tag --no-merged=mergetest-2 mergetest-* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous branch/tags not marked' '
 	git tag ambiguous &&
 	git branch ambiguous &&

Documentation/git-branch.txt, Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt, Documentation/git-tag.txt, builtin/branch.c, builtin/for-each-ref.c, builtin/tag.c, contrib/completion/git-completion.bash, parse-options.h, ref-filter.c, ref-filter.h, t/t3201-branch-contains.sh, t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh, t/t7004-tag.sh

diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 092f1bcf9f..5e52fc9b91 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
 	[--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
-	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [--sort=<key>]
+	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains | --no-contains) [<commit>]] [--sort=<key>]
 	[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
-named commit).  With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named
+named commit), `--no-contains` inverts it. With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named
 commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are reachable from the named
 commit) will be listed.  With `--no-merged` only branches not merged into
 the named commit will be listed.  If the <commit> argument is missing it
@@ -213,6 +213,10 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
 	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
+--no-contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list branches which don't contain the specified commit
+	(HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
 	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
@@ -296,13 +300,16 @@ If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
 easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create
 a branch and check it out with a single command.
 
-The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve three related
-but different purposes:
+The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
+serve four related but different purposes:
 
 - `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
   special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
   branches contain the specified <commit>.
 
+- `--no-contains <commit>` is the inverse of that, i.e. branches that don't
+  contain the specified <commit>.
+
 - `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
   since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index 111e1be6f5..83b93c75a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
 		   [(--sort=<key>)...] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
 		   [--points-at <object>] [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]
-		   [--contains [<object>]]
+		   [(--contains | --no-contains) [<object>]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
 	specified).
 
+--no-contains [<object>]::
+	Only list refs which don't contain the specified commit (HEAD
+	if not specified).
+
 --ignore-case::
 	Sorting and filtering refs are case insensitive.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index e7793afad1..d0b506f120 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <keyid>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
 	<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
 'git tag' -d <tagname>...
-'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
+'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--[no-]contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
 	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--create-reflog] [--sort=<key>]
 	[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
 'git tag' -v [--format=<format>] <tagname>...
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
 	Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
 	specified). Implies `--list`.
 
+--no-contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list tags which don't contain the specified commit (HEAD if
+	not specified). Implies `--list`.
+
 --points-at <object>::
 	Only list tags of the given object. Implies `--list`.
 
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index 94f7de7fa5..dd96319726 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -548,7 +548,9 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &filter.kind, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
 			FILTER_REFS_REMOTES),
 		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only branches that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_NO_CONTAINS(&filter.no_commit, N_("print only branches that don't contain the commit")),
 		OPT_WITH(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only branches that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_WITHOUT(&filter.no_commit, N_("print only branches that don't contain the commit")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&filter.abbrev),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Specific git-branch actions:")),
@@ -604,7 +606,7 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (filter.with_commit || filter.merge != REF_FILTER_MERGED_NONE || filter.points_at.nr)
+	if (filter.with_commit || filter.no_commit || filter.merge != REF_FILTER_MERGED_NONE || filter.points_at.nr)
 		list = 1;
 
 	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!new_upstream +
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index df41fa0350..a11542c4fd 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
 	N_("git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"),
 	N_("git for-each-ref [--points-at <object>]"),
 	N_("git for-each-ref [(--merged | --no-merged) [<object>]]"),
-	N_("git for-each-ref [--contains [<object>]]"),
+	N_("git for-each-ref [(--contains | --no-contains) [<object>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only refs that are merged")),
 		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only refs that are not merged")),
 		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only refs which contain the commit")),
+		OPT_NO_CONTAINS(&filter.no_commit, N_("print only refs which don't contain the commit")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-case", &icase, N_("sorting and filtering are case insensitive")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index 2da28a5ce6..f91ae171b7 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 static const char * const git_tag_usage[] = {
 	N_("git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"),
 	N_("git tag -d <tagname>..."),
-	N_("git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]"
+	N_("git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--[no-]contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]"
 		"\n\t\t[--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]"),
 	N_("git tag -v [--format=<format>] <tagname>..."),
 	NULL
@@ -424,7 +424,9 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag listing options")),
 		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("show tag list in columns")),
 		OPT_CONTAINS(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only tags that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_NO_CONTAINS(&filter.no_commit, N_("print only tags that don't contain the commit")),
 		OPT_WITH(&filter.with_commit, N_("print only tags that contain the commit")),
+		OPT_WITHOUT(&filter.no_commit, N_("print only tags that don't contain the commit")),
 		OPT_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only tags that are merged")),
 		OPT_NO_MERGED(&filter, N_("print only tags that are not merged")),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sorting_tail, N_("key"),
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!cmdmode && !create_tag_object) {
 		if (argc == 0)
 			cmdmode = 'l';
-		else if (filter.with_commit || filter.points_at.nr || filter.merge_commit || filter.lines != -1)
+		else if (filter.with_commit || filter.no_commit || filter.points_at.nr || filter.merge_commit || filter.lines != -1)
 			cmdmode = 'l';
 	}
 
@@ -492,6 +494,8 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die(_("-n option is only allowed in list mode."));
 		if (filter.with_commit)
 			die(_("--contains option is only allowed in list mode."));
+		if (filter.no_commit)
+			die(_("--no-contains option is only allowed in list mode."));
 		if (filter.points_at.nr)
 			die(_("--points-at option is only allowed in list mode."));
 		if (filter.merge_commit)
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index fc32286a43..ec8fce5820 100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ _git_branch ()
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
-			--track --no-track --contains --merged --no-merged
+			--track --no-track --contains --no-contains --merged --no-merged
 			--set-upstream-to= --edit-description --list
 			--unset-upstream --delete --move --remotes
 			--column --no-column --sort= --points-at
@@ -2862,7 +2862,7 @@ _git_tag ()
 		__gitcomp "
 			--list --delete --verify --annotate --message --file
 			--sign --cleanup --local-user --force --column --sort=
-			--contains --points-at --merged --no-merged --create-reflog
+			--contains --no-contains --points-at --merged --no-merged --create-reflog
 			"
 		;;
 	esac
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index dcd8a0926c..0eac90b510 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -258,7 +258,9 @@ extern int parse_opt_passthru_argv(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 	  PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | flag, \
 	  parse_opt_commits, (intptr_t) "HEAD" \
 	}
-#define OPT_CONTAINS(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("contains", v, h, 0)
+#define OPT_CONTAINS(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("contains", v, h, PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
+#define OPT_NO_CONTAINS(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("no-contains", v, h, PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
 #define OPT_WITH(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("with", v, h, PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN)
+#define OPT_WITHOUT(v, h) _OPT_CONTAINS_OR_WITH("without", v, h, PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN)
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ref-filter.c b/ref-filter.c
index 7eeecc608f..092331fd81 100644
--- a/ref-filter.c
+++ b/ref-filter.c
@@ -1487,6 +1487,7 @@ struct ref_filter_cbdata {
 	struct ref_array *array;
 	struct ref_filter *filter;
 	struct contains_cache contains_cache;
+	struct contains_cache no_contains_cache;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -1586,11 +1587,11 @@ static enum contains_result contains_tag_algo(struct commit *candidate,
 }
 
 static int commit_contains(struct ref_filter *filter, struct commit *commit,
-			   struct contains_cache *cache)
+			   struct commit_list *list, struct contains_cache *cache)
 {
 	if (filter->with_commit_tag_algo)
-		return contains_tag_algo(commit, filter->with_commit, cache) == CONTAINS_YES;
-	return is_descendant_of(commit, filter->with_commit);
+		return contains_tag_algo(commit, list, cache) == CONTAINS_YES;
+	return is_descendant_of(commit, list);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1780,13 +1781,17 @@ static int ref_filter_handler(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 	 * obtain the commit using the 'oid' available and discard all
 	 * non-commits early. The actual filtering is done later.
 	 */
-	if (filter->merge_commit || filter->with_commit || filter->verbose) {
+	if (filter->merge_commit || filter->with_commit || filter->no_commit || filter->verbose) {
 		commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid->hash, 1);
 		if (!commit)
 			return 0;
-		/* We perform the filtering for the '--contains' option */
+		/* We perform the filtering for the '--contains' option... */
 		if (filter->with_commit &&
-		    !commit_contains(filter, commit, &ref_cbdata->contains_cache))
+		    !commit_contains(filter, commit, filter->with_commit, &ref_cbdata->contains_cache))
+			return 0;
+		/* ...or for the `--no-contains' option */
+		if (filter->no_commit &&
+		    commit_contains(filter, commit, filter->no_commit, &ref_cbdata->no_contains_cache))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1887,6 +1892,7 @@ int filter_refs(struct ref_array *array, struct ref_filter *filter, unsigned int
 	filter->kind = type & FILTER_REFS_KIND_MASK;
 
 	init_contains_cache(&ref_cbdata.contains_cache);
+	init_contains_cache(&ref_cbdata.no_contains_cache);
 
 	/*  Simple per-ref filtering */
 	if (!filter->kind)
@@ -1911,6 +1917,7 @@ int filter_refs(struct ref_array *array, struct ref_filter *filter, unsigned int
 	}
 
 	clear_contains_cache(&ref_cbdata.contains_cache);
+	clear_contains_cache(&ref_cbdata.no_contains_cache);
 
 	/*  Filters that need revision walking */
 	if (filter->merge_commit)
diff --git a/ref-filter.h b/ref-filter.h
index e738c5dfd3..dde40f6849 100644
--- a/ref-filter.h
+++ b/ref-filter.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ struct ref_filter {
 	const char **name_patterns;
 	struct sha1_array points_at;
 	struct commit_list *with_commit;
+	struct commit_list *no_commit;
 
 	enum {
 		REF_FILTER_MERGED_NONE = 0,
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index 7f3ec47241..506415dbd3 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='branch --contains <commit>, --merged, and --no-merged'
+test_description='branch --contains <commit>, --no-contains <commit> --merged, and --no-merged'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -45,6 +45,22 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains master' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-contains=master' '
+
+	git branch --no-contains=master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-contains master' '
+
+	git branch --no-contains master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 
 	git branch --contains=side >actual &&
@@ -55,6 +71,16 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-contains=side' '
+
+	git branch --no-contains=side >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
 
 	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
@@ -65,6 +91,14 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-contains=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -126,7 +160,9 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
 test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
 
 	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
-	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --no-contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --no-contains=master -m foo
 
 '
 
@@ -159,4 +195,15 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --merged with --verbose' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains combined with --no-contains' '
+	git branch --contains zzz --no-contains topic >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  master
+	  side
+	  zzz
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh b/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh
index a09a1a46ef..4902ba5f16 100755
--- a/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh
+++ b/t/t6302-for-each-ref-filter.sh
@@ -93,6 +93,22 @@ test_expect_success 'filtering with --contains' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --no-contains' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/tags/one
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --no-contains=two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filtering with --contains and --no-contains' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/tags/two
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" --contains=two --no-contains=three >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success '%(color) must fail' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(color)%(refname)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index ba1ab1f21c..428e21c369 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1420,6 +1420,23 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (relative)' "
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+# All the --contains tests above, but with --no-contains
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is not listed in any tag with --no-contains  (hash)' "
+	>expected &&
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash1 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (tag)' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains v1.0 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that first commit is in all tags (relative)' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains HEAD~2 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 cat > expected <<EOF
 v2.0
 EOF
@@ -1429,6 +1446,17 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that second commit only has one tag' "
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'inverse of the last test, with --no-contains' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash2 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
 
 cat > expected <<EOF
 EOF
@@ -1438,6 +1466,19 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that third commit has no tags' "
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+v2.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'conversely --no-contains on the third commit lists all tags' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash3 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 # how about a simple merge?
 
 test_expect_success 'creating simple branch' '
@@ -1459,6 +1500,19 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that branch head only has one tag' "
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+v2.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that branch head with --no-contains lists all but one tag' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash4 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 test_expect_success 'merging original branch into this branch' '
 	git merge --strategy=ours master &&
         git tag v4.0
@@ -1480,6 +1534,20 @@ v1.0.1
 v1.1.3
 v2.0
 v3.0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'checking that original branch head with --no-contains lists all but one tag now' "
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash3 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+cat > expected <<EOF
+v0.2.1
+v1.0
+v1.0.1
+v1.1.3
+v2.0
+v3.0
 v4.0
 EOF
 
@@ -1493,6 +1561,12 @@ test_expect_success 'checking that --contains can be used in non-list mode' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checking that initial commit is in all tags with --no-contains' "
+	>expected &&
+	git tag -l --no-contains $hash1 v* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 # mixing modes and options:
 
 test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
@@ -1514,10 +1588,11 @@ test_expect_success 'mixing incompatibles modes and options is forbidden' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -n 100 -v &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -m msg &&
 	test_must_fail git tag -l -F some file &&
-	test_must_fail git tag -v -s
+	test_must_fail git tag -v -s &&
+	test_must_fail git tag --contains --no-contains
 '
 
-for option in --contains --merged --no-merged --points-at
+for option in --contains --no-contains --merged --no-merged --points-at
 do
 	test_expect_success "mixing incompatible modes with $option is forbidden" "
 		test_must_fail git tag -d $option HEAD &&
@@ -1777,7 +1852,7 @@ run_with_limited_stack () {
 test_lazy_prereq ULIMIT_STACK_SIZE 'run_with_limited_stack true'
 
 # we require ulimit, this excludes Windows
-test_expect_success ULIMIT_STACK_SIZE '--contains works in a deep repo' '
+test_expect_success ULIMIT_STACK_SIZE '--contains and --no-contains work in a deep repo' '
 	>expect &&
 	i=1 &&
 	while test $i -lt 8000
@@ -1793,7 +1868,9 @@ EOF"
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag far-far-away HEAD^ &&
 	run_with_limited_stack git tag --contains HEAD >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	run_with_limited_stack git tag --no-contains HEAD >actual &&
+	test_line_count ">" 10 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--format should list tags as per format given' '
@@ -1851,4 +1928,47 @@ test_expect_success 'ambiguous branch/tags not marked' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--contains combined with --no-contains' '
+	(
+		git init no-contains &&
+		cd no-contains &&
+		test_commit v0.1 &&
+		test_commit v0.2 &&
+		test_commit v0.3 &&
+		test_commit v0.4 &&
+		test_commit v0.5 &&
+		cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+		v0.2
+		v0.3
+		v0.4
+		EOF
+		git tag --contains v0.2 --no-contains v0.5 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	)
+'
+
+# As the docs say, list tags which contain a specified *commit*. We
+# don't recurse down to tags for trees or blobs pointed to by *those*
+# commits.
+test_expect_success 'Does --[no-]contains stop at commits? Yes!' '
+	cd no-contains &&
+	blob=$(git rev-parse v0.3:v0.3.t) &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse v0.3^{tree}) &&
+	git tag tag-blob $blob &&
+	git tag tag-tree $tree &&
+	git tag --contains v0.3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	v0.3
+	v0.4
+	v0.5
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git tag --no-contains v0.3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	v0.1
+	v0.2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done