Re: [PATCH v3 13/13] config.mak.uname: set CSPRNG_METHOD to getrandom on Linux

From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Date: Apr 17, 2025, 13:55 UTC
Message-ID: <xmqq4iymgadz.fsf@gitster.g>
In-Reply-To: <20250416231835.2492562-14-ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com>

Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> writes:

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> Commit 05cd988dce ("wrapper: add a helper to generate numbers from a
> CSPRNG", 2022-01-17) added a csprng_bytes() function which used one
> of several interfaces to provide a source of cryptographically secure
> pseudorandom numbers. The CSPRNG_METHOD make variable was provided to
> determine the choice of available 'backends' for the source of random
> bytes.
>
> Commit 05cd988dce did not set CSPRNG_METHOD in the Linux section of
> the config.mak.uname file, so it defaults to using '/dev/urandom' as
> the source of random bytes. The 'backend' values which could be used
> on Linux are 'arc4random', 'getrandom' or 'getentropy' ('openssl' is
> an option, but seems to be discouraged).
>
> The arc4random routines (ar4random_buf() is the one actually used) were

arc4random_buf(), if I am not mistaken?

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> added to glibc in version 2.36, while both getrandom() and getentropy()
> were included in 2.25. So, some of the more up-to-date distributions of
> Linux (eg Debian 12, Ubuntu 24.04) would be able to use the 'arc4random'
> setting. All currently supported distributions have glibc 2.25 or later
> (RHEL 8 has v2.28) and, therefore, have support for the 'getrandom' and
> 'getentropy' settings.

OK. This explains that getrandom/getentropy have better availability than arc4random.

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> The arc4random routines on the *BSDs (along with cygwin) implement the
> ChaCha20 stream cipher algorithm (see RFC8439) in userspace, rather than
> as a system call, and are thus somewhat faster (having avoided a context
> switch to the kernel). In contrast, on Linux all three functions are
> simple wrappers around the same kernel CSPRNG syscall.

OK. With this and the previous paragraph, we establish that there is no reason to use arc4random on Linux, while on BSDs and Cygwin, it is a natural choice.

Very clearly explained.  Thanks.

> If the meson build system is used on a newer platform, then they will be
> configured to use 'arc4random', whereas the make build will currently
> default to using '/dev/urandom' on Linux.

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> Since there is no advantage,
> in terms of performance, to the 'arc4random' setting, the 'getrandom'
> setting should be preferred from an availability perspective. (Also, the
> current uses of csprng_bytes() are not in any hot path).
>
> In order to set an appropriate default, set the CSPRNG_METHOD build
> variable to 'getrandom' in the Linux section of the 'config.mak.uname'
> file.
>
> Signed-off-by: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com>
> ---
>  config.mak.uname | 1 +
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
>
> diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
> index 330741eb5a..db22a8fb31 100644
> --- a/config.mak.uname
> +++ b/config.mak.uname
> @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
>  	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
>  	# override in config.mak if you have glibc >= 2.38
>  	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
> +	CSPRNG_METHOD = getrandom
>  	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
>  	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
>  	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease