[PATCH v2 1/3] sideband: avoid reporting incomplete sideband messages

From: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

In 2b695ecd74d (t5500: count objects through stderr, not trace, 2020-05-06) we tried to ensure that the "Total 3" message could be grepped in Git's output, even if it sometimes got chopped up into multiple lines in the trace machinery.

However, the first instance where this mattered now goes through the sideband machinery, where it is _still_ possible for messages to get chopped up: it *is* possible for the standard error stream to be sent byte-for-byte and hence it can be easily interrupted. Meaning: it is possible for the single line that we're looking for to be chopped up into multiple sideband packets, with a primary packet being delivered between them.

This seems to happen occasionally in the `vs-test` part of our CI builds, i.e. with binaries built using Visual C, but not when building with GCC or clang; The symptom is that t5500.43 fails to find a line matching `remote: Total 3` in the `log` file, which ends in something along these lines:

	remote: Tota
	remote: l 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0

This should not happen, though: we have code in `demultiplex_sideband()` _specifically_ to stitch back together lines that were delivered in separate sideband packets.

However, this stitching was broken in a subtle way in fbd76cd450 (sideband: reverse its dependency on pkt-line, 2019-01-16): before that change, incomplete sideband lines would not be flushed upon receiving a primary packet, but after that patch, they would be.

The subtleness of this bug comes from the fact that it is easy to get confused by the ambiguous meaning of the `break` keyword: after writing the primary packet contents, the `break;` in the original version of `recv_sideband()` does _not_ break out of the `while` loop, but instead only ends the `switch` case:

	while (!retval) {
		[...]
		switch (band) {
			[...]
		case 1:
/* Write the contents of the primary packet */
			write_or_die(out, buf + 1, len);
/* Here, we do *not* break out of the loop, `retval` is unchanged */
			break;
		[...]
	}

	if (outbuf.len) {
/* Write any remaining sideband messages lacking a trailing LF */
		strbuf_addch(&outbuf, '\n');
		xwrite(2, outbuf.buf, outbuf.len);
	}

In contrast, after fbd76cd450 (sideband: reverse its dependency on pkt-line, 2019-01-16), the body of the `while` loop was extracted into `demultiplex_sideband()`, crucially _including_ the logic to write incomplete sideband messages:

	switch (band) {
	[...]
	case 1:
		*sideband_type = SIDEBAND_PRIMARY;
/* This does not break out of the loop: the loop is in the caller */
		break;
	[...]
	}

cleanup:
	[...]
/* This logic is now no longer _outside_ the loop but _inside_ */
	if (scratch->len) {
		strbuf_addch(scratch, '\n');
		xwrite(2, scratch->buf, scratch->len);
	}

The correct way to fix this is to return from `demultiplex_sideband()` early. The caller will then write out the contents of the primary packet and continue looping. The `scratch` buffer for incomplete sideband messages is owned by that caller, and will continue to accumulate the remainder(s) of those messages. The loop will only end once `demultiplex_sideband()` returned non-zero _and_ did not indicate a primary packet, which is the case only when we hit the `cleanup:` path, in which we take care of flushing any unfinished sideband messages and release the `scratch` buffer.

To ensure that this does not get broken again, we introduce a pair of subcommands of the `pkt-line` test helper that specifically chop up the sideband message and squeeze a primary packet into the middle.

Final note: The other test case touched by 2b695ecd74d (t5500: count objects through stderr, not trace, 2020-05-06) is not affected by this issue because the sideband machinery is not involved there.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
---
 sideband.c               |  2 +-
 t/helper/test-pkt-line.c | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 t/t0070-fundamental.sh   |  6 ++++++
 3 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)