Buggy handling of non-canonical ref names

git has inconsistencies (I would say bugs) in how it handles reference names that are in non-canonical format (e.g., "/foo/bar", "foo///bar", etc). Some commands work with reference names that are in non-canonical form, whereas others do not. Sometimes the behavior depends on whether the reference is loose or packed.

For example "git branch" and "git update-ref" seem to swallow them OK:

    $ git update-ref /foo/bar HEAD
    $ cat .git/foo/bar
    ef6cf90ba11dd6205f8b974692d795ea0b1c0bdd
    $ git branch /bar/baz
    $ git for-each-ref | grep baz
    ef6cf90ba11dd6205f8b974692d795ea0b1c0bdd commit refs/heads/bar/baz

But other commands do not:

    $ git rev-parse /foo/bar --
    /foo/bar
    fatal: ambiguous argument '/foo/bar': unknown revision or path not
in the working tree.
    Use '--' to separate paths from revisions
    $ git rev-parse foo///bar --
    foo///bar
    fatal: ambiguous argument 'foo///bar': unknown revision or path not
in the working tree.
    Use '--' to separate paths from revisions
    $ git rev-parse foo/bar --
    ef6cf90ba11dd6205f8b974692d795ea0b1c0bdd
    --

It seems like most of the canonicalization of reference names is via path canonicalization using the likes of git_snpath() and git_path(), with the exception of "git check-ref-format --print", which does the work using its own code. But packed references are not transformed into paths, so they don't handle canonicalization at all. For example, in the following case, there is a difference between how packed and unpacked references are handled:

    $ git update-ref refs/heads/foo/bar HEAD
    $ git update-ref -d refs/heads/foo///bar HEAD
    [Reference was really deleted]
    $ git update-ref refs/heads/foo/bar HEAD
    $ git pack-refs --all
    $ git update-ref -d refs/heads/foo///bar HEAD
    error: unable to resolve reference refs/heads/foo///bar: No such
file or directory
    $ git for-each-ref | grep foo
    ffae1b1dc75896bd89ff3cbe7037f40474e57e2a commit refs/heads/foo/bar
    [Reference was not deleted]

What is the policy about reference names and their canonicalization? In what situations should one be able to use non-canonical refnames, and in what situations should it be forbidden?

Given that refnames are closely associated with filesystem paths, it is important that every code path either canonicalize or reject non-canonical refnames (i.e., failure to do so could be a security problem). In the absence of clear rules, it will be very difficult to ensure that this is being done consistently.

I also noticed that check_ref_format() accepts ref names that start with a "/", but that the leading slash is *not* stripped off as part of the canonicalization:

    $ git check-ref-format /foo/bar ; echo $?
    0
    $ git check-ref-format --print /foo/bar
    /foo/bar

However, creating a reference with such a name is equivalent to creating a reference without the leading slash:

    $ git update-ref /foo/bar HEAD
    $ cat .git/foo/bar
    ef6cf90ba11dd6205f8b974692d795ea0b1c0bdd
    $ git branch /bar/baz
    $ git for-each-ref | grep baz
    ef6cf90ba11dd6205f8b974692d795ea0b1c0bdd commit refs/heads/bar/baz

Therefore, it seems to belong in the equivalence class of "foo/bar".

The test suite for "git check-ref-format" says nothing about how leading slashes should be handled.

Either leading slashes should not be allowed in ref names at all or they should be canonicalized away.

Michael