[PATCH v2] githooks: discuss Git operations in foreign repositories

From: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>

Hook authors are periodically caught off-guard by difficult-to-diagnose errors when their hook invokes Git commands in a repository other than the local one. In particular, Git environment variables, such as GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE, which reference the local repository cause the Git commands to operate on the local repository rather than on the repository which the author intended. This is true whether the environment variables have been set manually by the user or automatically by Git itself. The same problem crops up when a hook invokes Git commands in a different worktree of the same repository, as well.

Recommended best-practice[1,2,3,4,5,6] for avoiding this problem is for the hook to ensure that Git variables are unset before invoking Git commands in foreign repositories or other worktrees:

    unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)

However, this advice is not documented anywhere. Rectify this shortcoming by mentioning it in githooks.txt documentation.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/YFuHd1MMlJAvtdzb@coredump.intra.peff.net/ [2]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200228190218.GC1408759@coredump.intra.peff.net/ [3]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20190516221702.GA11784@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [4]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20190422162127.GC9680@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [5]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180716183942.GB22298@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [6]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20150203163235.GA9325@peff.net/

Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
---
    githooks: discuss Git operations in foreign repositories
    
    This is a re-roll of [1]. It incorporates a refined version of Junio's
    suggested improvement[2].
    
    [1]
    https://lore.kernel.org/git/pull.1457.git.1673171924727.gitgitgadget@gmail.com/
    [2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqwn5wuwvs.fsf@gitster.g/

Published-As: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/releases/tag/pr-1457%2Fsunshineco%2Fhookenv-v2
Fetch-It-Via: git fetch https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git pr-1457/sunshineco/hookenv-v2
Pull-Request: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/pull/1457

Range-diff vs v1:

 1:  b9a2e23359a ! 1:  d58694a4137 githooks: discuss Git operations in foreign repositories
     @@ Commit message
          Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
      
       ## Documentation/githooks.txt ##
     -@@ Documentation/githooks.txt: Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line
     - arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for
     - details.
     +@@ Documentation/githooks.txt: repository. An exception are hooks triggered during a push ('pre-receive',
     + 'update', 'post-receive', 'post-update', 'push-to-checkout') which are always
     + executed in $GIT_DIR.
       
     -+If your hook needs to invoke Git commands in a foreign repository or in a
     -+different working tree of the same repository, then it should clear local Git
     -+environment variables, such as `GIT_DIR`, `GIT_WORK_TREE`, etc., which could
     -+interfere with Git operations in the foreign repository since those variables
     -+will be referencing the local repository and working tree. For example:
     ++Environment variables, such as `GIT_DIR`, `GIT_WORK_TREE`, etc., are exported
     ++so that Git commands run by the hook can correctly locate the repository.  If
     ++your hook needs to invoke Git commands in a foreign repository or in a
     ++different working tree of the same repository, then it should clear these
     ++environment variables so they do not interfere with Git operations at the
     ++foreign location.  For example:
      +
      +------------
      +local_desc=$(git describe)
      +foreign_desc=$(unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars); git -C ../foreign-repo describe)
      +------------
      +
     - `git init` may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its
     - configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in
     - linkgit:git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers
     + Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line
     + arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for
     + details.

 Documentation/githooks.txt | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)