[PATCH v2 0/5] Remove the present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE class of bugs (for sparse-checkouts)

(Maintainer note: This series builds on (v2 of) vd/sparse-clean-etc, because it tweaks one of the testcases added there.)

(Note 2: There was a previous RFC round of this series at https://lore.kernel.org/git/20220109045732.2497526-1-newren@gmail.com/.)

Files in the present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE state have caused no ends of discussions and bugs[1,2,3,4,5,6,...and lots of others]. Trying to address the big issue of discovering & recovering from this state has befuddled me for over a year because I was worried we'd need additional code at every skip_worktree-checking path in the code (and they are all over the place), and that we'd make the code significantly slower unless we plumbed a bunch of additional information all over the place to allow some reasonable optimizations.

This series tries to solve the problem a bit differently by automatic early discovery and recovery; as a result, it greatly simplifies the landscape, reduces our testing matrix burden, and fixes a large swath of bugs. And I figured out how to get the perf cost down to essentially negligible.

Changes since v1 (or v2 if you count RFC as v1):

 * now includes some fixes for testcases from
   ds/fetch-pull-with-sparse-index (which topic marked its own new tests as
   potentially suboptimal; with my series, the sparse behavior now matches
   the full tree behavior on that test. Wahoo!). Note that Junio's version
   of vd/sparse-clean-etc already includes ds/fetch-pull-with-sparse-index,
   so no need to merge in anything extra.

Changes since RFC version:

 * updated the commit messages as per suggestions from Victoria, including
   adding performance measurements
 * renamed the new function to use a clearer name
 * replaced the final patch with a different optimization, which is both
   simpler and performs quite a bit better (the cost for my previous patch 5
   was already decent in many cases, but had a few cases where the cost was
   significant).

Quick overview:

 * Patches 1 & 2 add a test to demonstrate accidental deletion of
   possibly-modified files, and then fix the bug.
 * Patch 3 is the crux of this series; a small amount of code with a huge
   commit message
 * Patch 4 updates the documentation
 * Patch 5 adds an optimization to reduce the performance impact of patch 3

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BFnFpzwGC11TLoLs8YK5yiisA5D5-fFjXnJsbESVDwZsA@mail.gmail.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BGJ_Nvi5TmgriD9Bh6eNXE2EDq2f8e8QKXAeYG3BxZafA@mail.gmail.com/ [3] https://lore.kernel.org/git/pull.809.git.git.1592356884310.gitgitgadget@gmail.com/ [4] commit 66b209b ("merge-ort: implement CE_SKIP_WORKTREE handling with conflicted entries", 2021-03-20) [5] commit ba359fd ("stash: fix stash application in sparse-checkouts", 2020-12-01) [6] https://lore.kernel.org/git/CABPp-BH9tju7WVm=QZDOvaMDdZbpNXrVWQdN-jmfN8wC6YVhmw@mail.gmail.com/

Elijah Newren (5):
  t1011: add testcase demonstrating accidental loss of user
    modifications
  unpack-trees: fix accidental loss of user changes
  repo_read_index: clear SKIP_WORKTREE bit from files present in
    worktree
  Update documentation related to sparsity and the skip-worktree bit
  Accelerate clear_skip_worktree_from_present_files() by caching

 Documentation/git-read-tree.txt          | 12 +++-
 Documentation/git-sparse-checkout.txt    | 76 ++++++++++++++----------
 Documentation/git-update-index.txt       | 57 +++++++++++++-----
 repository.c                             |  7 +++
 sparse-index.c                           | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 sparse-index.h                           |  1 +
 t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh     | 23 ++++++-
 t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh | 41 ++++++-------
 t/t3705-add-sparse-checkout.sh           |  2 +
 t/t6428-merge-conflicts-sparse.sh        | 23 ++-----
 t/t7012-skip-worktree-writing.sh         | 44 +++-----------
 t/t7817-grep-sparse-checkout.sh          | 11 +++-
 unpack-trees.c                           |  4 +-
 13 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)

base-commit: 48609de3bf32befb69c40c1a2595a98dac0448b4
Published-As: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/releases/tag/pr-1114%2Fnewren%2Ffix-present-despite-skip-worktree-v2
Fetch-It-Via: git fetch https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git pr-1114/newren/fix-present-despite-skip-worktree-v2
Pull-Request: https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/pull/1114

Range-diff vs v1:

 1:  c553d558c2f = 1:  d50d804af4e t1011: add testcase demonstrating accidental loss of user modifications
 2:  1e3958576e2 = 2:  206c638fa90 unpack-trees: fix accidental loss of user changes
 3:  b263cc75b7d ! 3:  11d46a399d2 repo_read_index: clear SKIP_WORKTREE bit from files present in worktree
     @@ t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh: test_expect_success 'update-index modi
       
       	# When skip-worktree is disabled (even on files outside sparse cone), file
       	# is updated in the index
     +@@ t/t1092-sparse-checkout-compatibility.sh: test_expect_success 'ls-files' '
     + 	test_cmp dense sparse &&
     + 
     + 	# Set up a strange condition of having a file edit
     +-	# outside of the sparse-checkout cone. This is just
     +-	# to verify that sparse-checkout and sparse-index
     +-	# behave the same in this case.
     ++	# outside of the sparse-checkout cone. We want to verify
     ++	# that all modes handle this the same, and detect the
     ++	# modification.
     + 	write_script edit-content <<-\EOF &&
     +-	mkdir folder1 &&
     ++	mkdir -p folder1 &&
     + 	echo content >>folder1/a
     + 	EOF
     +-	run_on_sparse ../edit-content &&
     ++	run_on_all ../edit-content &&
     + 
     +-	# ls-files does not currently notice modified files whose
     +-	# cache entries are marked SKIP_WORKTREE. This may change
     +-	# in the future, but here we test that sparse index does
     +-	# not accidentally create a change of behavior.
     +-	test_sparse_match git ls-files --modified &&
     +-	test_must_be_empty sparse-checkout-out &&
     +-	test_must_be_empty sparse-index-out &&
     ++	test_all_match git ls-files --modified &&
     + 
     + 	git -C sparse-index ls-files --sparse --modified >sparse-index-out &&
     +-	test_must_be_empty sparse-index-out &&
     ++	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
     ++	folder1/a
     ++	EOF
     ++	test_cmp expect sparse-index-out &&
     + 
     + 	# Add folder1 to the sparse-checkout cone and
     + 	# check that ls-files shows the expanded files.
     + 	test_sparse_match git sparse-checkout add folder1 &&
     +-	test_sparse_match git ls-files --modified &&
     ++	test_all_match git ls-files --modified &&
     + 
     + 	test_all_match git ls-files &&
     + 	git -C sparse-index ls-files --sparse >actual &&
      
       ## t/t3705-add-sparse-checkout.sh ##
      @@ t/t3705-add-sparse-checkout.sh: setup_sparse_entry () {
 4:  c74ad19616e = 4:  0af00779128 Update documentation related to sparsity and the skip-worktree bit
 5:  e68028ebe0a = 5:  05ac964e630 Accelerate clear_skip_worktree_from_present_files() by caching