[PATCH 1/8] Support coverage testing with GCC/gcov

With gcc's --coverage option, we can perform automatic coverage data collection for the test suite.

Add a new Makefile target 'coverage' that scraps all previous coverage results, recompiles git with the required compiler/linker flags (in addition to any flags you specify manually), then runs the test suite and compiles a report.

The compilation must be done with all optimizations disabled, since inlined functions (and for line-by-line coverage, also optimized branches/loops) break coverage tracking.

The tests are run serially (with -j1). The coverage code should theoretically allow concurrent access to its data files, but the author saw random test failures. Obviously this could be improved.

The report currently consists of a list of functions that were never executed during the tests, which is written to 'coverage-untested-functions'. Once this list becomes reasonably short, we would also want to look at branches that were never taken.

Currently only toplevel *.c files are considered. It would be nice to at least include xdiff, but --coverage did not save data to subdirectories on the system used to write this (gcc 4.3.2).

Signed-off-by: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
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