[PATCH 7/7] contrib/credential: embiggen fixed-size buffer in wincred

As in previous commits, harden the wincred credential helper against the aforementioned protocol injection attack.

Unlike the approached used for osxkeychain and libsecret, where a fixed-size buffer was replaced with `getline()`, we must take a different approach here. There is no `getline()` equivalent in Windows, and the function is not available to us with ordinary compiler settings.

Instead, allocate a larger (still fixed-size) buffer in which to process each line. The value of 100 KiB is chosen to match the maximum-length header that curl will allow, CURL_MAX_HTTP_HEADER.

To ensure that we are reading complete lines at a time, and that we aren't susceptible to a similar injection attack (albeit with more padding), ensure that each read terminates at a newline (i.e., that no line is more than 100 KiB long).

Note that it isn't sufficient to turn the old loop into something like:

    while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1])) {
      buf[--len] = 0;
      ends_in_newline = 1;
    }

because if an attacker sends something like:

    [aaaaa.....]\r
    host=example.com\r\n

the credential helper would fill its buffer after reading up through the first '\r', call fgets() again, and then see "host=example.com\r\n" on its line.

Note that the original code was written in a way that would trim an arbitrary number of "\r" and "\n" from the end of the string. We should get only a single "\n" (since the point of `fgets()` is to return the buffer to us when it sees one), and likewise would not expect to see more than one associated "\r". The new code trims a single "\r\n", which matches the original intent.

[1]: https://curl.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION.html

Tested-by: Matthew John Cheetham <mjcheetham@outlook.com>
Helped-by: Matthew John Cheetham <mjcheetham@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
---
 .../wincred/git-credential-wincred.c          | 21 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)