Re: [PATCH 2/2] refs_resolve_ref_unsafe: handle d/f conflicts for writes

> If our call to refs_read_raw_ref() fails, we check errno to
> see if the ref is simply missing, or if we encountered a
> more serious error. If it's just missing, then in "write"
> mode (i.e., when RESOLVE_REFS_READING is not set), this is
> perfectly fine.
> 
> However, checking for ENOENT isn't sufficient to catch all
> missing-ref cases. In the filesystem backend, we may also
> see EISDIR when we try to resolve "a" and "a/b" exists.
> Likewise, we may see ENOTDIR if we try to resolve "a/b" and
> "a" exists. In both of those cases, we know that our
> resolved ref doesn't exist, but we return an error (rather
> than reporting the refname and returning a null sha1).
> 
> This has been broken for a long time, but nobody really
> noticed because the next step after resolving without the
> READING flag is usually to lock the ref and write it. But in
> both of those cases, the write will fail with the same
> errno due to the directory/file conflict.
> 
> There are two cases where we can notice this, though:
> 
>   1. If we try to write "a" and there's a leftover directory
>      already at "a", even though there is no ref "a/b". The
>      actual write is smart enough to move the empty "a" out
>      of the way.
> 
>      This is reasonably rare, if only because the writing
>      code has to do an independent resolution before trying
>      its write (because the actual update_ref() code handles
>      this case fine). The notes-merge code does this, and
>      before the fix in the prior commit t3308 erroneously
>      expected this case to fail.
> 
>   2. When resolving symbolic refs, we typically do not use
>      the READING flag because we want to resolve even
>      symrefs that point to unborn refs. Even if those unborn
>      refs could not actually be written because of d/f
>      conflicts with existing refs.
> 
>      You can see this by asking "git symbolic-ref" to report
>      the target of a symref pointing past a d/f conflict.
> 
> We can fix the problem by recognizing the other "missing"
> errnos and treating them like ENOENT. This should be safe to
> do even for callers who are then going to actually write the
> ref, because the actual writing process will fail if the d/f
> conflict is a real one (and t1404 checks these cases).
> 
> Arguably this should be the responsibility of the
> files-backend to normalize all "missing ref" errors into
> ENOENT (since something like EISDIR may not be meaningful at
> all to a database backend). However other callers of
> refs_read_raw_ref() may actually care about the distinction;
> putting this into resolve_ref() is the minimal fix for now.
> 
> The new tests in t1401 use git-symbolic-ref, which is the
> most direct way to check the resolution by itself.
> Interestingly we actually had a test that setup this case
> already, but we only used it to verify that the funny state
> could be overwritten, not that it could be resolved.
> 
> We also add a new test in t3200, as "branch -m" was the
> original motivation for looking into this. What happens is
> this:
> 
>   0. HEAD is pointing to branch "a"
> 
>   1. The user asks to rename "a" to "a/b".
> 
>   2. We create "a/b" and delete "a".
> 
>   3. We then try to update any worktree HEADs that point to
>      the renamed ref (including the main repo HEAD). To do
>      that, we have to resolve each HEAD. But now our HEAD is
>      pointing at "a", and we get EISDIR due to the loose
>      "a/b". As a result, we think there is no HEAD, and we
>      do not update it. It now points to the bogus "a".
> 
> Interestingly this case used to work, but only accidentally.
> Before 31824d180d (branch: fix branch renaming not updating
> HEADs correctly, 2017-08-24), we'd update any HEAD which we
> couldn't resolve. That was wrong, but it papered over the
> fact that we were incorrectly failing to resolve HEAD.
> 
> So while the bug demonstrated by the git-symbolic-ref is
> quite old, the regression to "branch -m" is recent.