[PATCH 1/6] object-file: prefer array-of-bytes initializer for hash literals

We hard-code a few well-known hash values for empty trees and blobs in both sha1 and sha256 formats. We do so with string literals like this:

  #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA256_BIN_LITERAL \
         "\x6e\xf1\x9b\x41\x22\x5c\x53\x69\xf1\xc1" \
         "\x04\xd4\x5d\x8d\x85\xef\xa9\xb0\x57\xb5" \
         "\x3b\x14\xb4\xb9\xb9\x39\xdd\x74\xde\xcc" \
         "\x53\x21"

and then use it to initialize the hash field of an object_id struct. That hash field is exactly 32 bytes long (the size we need for sha256). But the string literal above is actually 33 bytes long due to the NUL terminator. This is legal in C, and the NUL is ignored.

  Side note on legality: in general excess initializer elements are
  forbidden, and gcc will warn on both of these:

    char foo[3] = { 'h', 'u', 'g', 'e' };
    char bar[3] = "VeryLongString";

  I couldn't find specific language in the standard allowing
  initialization from a string literal where _just_ the NUL is ignored,
  but C99 section 6.7.8 (Initialization), paragraph 32 shows this exact
  case as "example 8".

However, the upcoming gcc 15 will start warning for this case (when compiled with -Wextra via DEVELOPER=1):

      CC object-file.o
  object-file.c:52:9: warning: initializer-string for array of ‘unsigned char’ is too long [-Wunterminated-string-initialization]
     52 |         "\x6e\xf1\x9b\x41\x22\x5c\x53\x69\xf1\xc1" \
        |         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  object-file.c:79:17: note: in expansion of macro ‘EMPTY_TREE_SHA256_BIN_LITERAL’

which is understandable. Even though this is not a bug for us, since we do not care about the NUL terminator (and are just using the literal as a convenient format), it would be easy to accidentally create an array that was mistakenly unterminated.

We can avoid this warning by switching the initializer to an actual array of unsigned values. That arguably demonstrates our intent more clearly anyway.

Reported-by: Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
---
 object-file.c | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)