patch, 3 partsmatch_pathname: avoid calling strncmp if baselen is 0

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 57394e4..669cf80 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 */
 	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
 	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+	    (baselen && strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen)))
 		return 0;
 
 	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;

dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 669cf80..f58320d 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -21,22 +21,6 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, in
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
-/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
-int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
-}
-
-int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
-}
-
-int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
-{
-	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
-}
-
 inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
 		       int flags, int prefix)
 {
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index c3eb4b5..560ade4 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -200,9 +200,21 @@ extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
 extern int remove_path(const char *path);
 
-extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
-extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
-extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
+/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
+static inline int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
+}
+
+static inline int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+}
 
 /*
  * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.

attr.c, dir.c

diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index e2f9377..1818ba5 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
 				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR)
+			res->u.pat.patternlen++;
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
 			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index f58320d..2a91d14 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -610,12 +610,14 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 		   int flags)
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
-		if (!strcmp_icase(pattern, basename))
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strcmp_icase(pattern + 1,
-				  basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1))
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1,
+				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
 	} else {
 		if (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0)

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 57394e4..b3cd66c 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -662,8 +662,8 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
 	 */
 	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+	    (baselen && (pathname[baselen] != '/' ||
+			 strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
 		return 0;
 
 	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;

dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index b3cd66c..9960a37 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -21,22 +21,6 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, in
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
-/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
-int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
-}
-
-int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
-}
-
-int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
-{
-	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
-}
-
 inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
 		       int flags, int prefix)
 {
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index c3eb4b5..560ade4 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -200,9 +200,21 @@ extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
 extern int remove_path(const char *path);
 
-extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
-extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
-extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
+/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
+static inline int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
+}
+
+static inline int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+}
 
 /*
  * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.

attr.c, dir.c

diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index e2f9377..1818ba5 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
 				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR)
+			res->u.pat.patternlen++;
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
 			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 9960a37..46b24db 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -610,12 +610,14 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 		   int flags)
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
-		if (!strcmp_icase(pattern, basename))
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strcmp_icase(pattern + 1,
-				  basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1))
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1,
+				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
 	} else {
 		if (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0)

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 46b24db..7b6a625 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -21,6 +21,25 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, in
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
+/*
+ * This function is more like memequal_icase than strnequal_icase as
+ * it does not check for NUL. The caller is not supposed to pass a
+ * length longer than both input strings
+ */
+static inline strnequal_icase(const char *a, const char *b, int n)
+{
+	if (!ignore_case) {
+		while (n && *a == *b) {
+			a++;
+			b++;
+			n--;
+		}
+		return n == 0;
+	}
+
+	return !strncmp_icase(a, b, n);
+}
+
 inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
 		       int flags, int prefix)
 {
@@ -611,11 +630,11 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
 		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
-		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
+		    strnequal_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+		    strnequal_icase(pattern + 1,
 				   basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1,
 				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
@@ -649,7 +668,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 */
 	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
 	    (baselen && (pathname[baselen] != '/' ||
-			 strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
+			 !strnequal_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
 		return 0;
 
 	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
@@ -663,7 +682,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 		if (prefix > namelen)
 			return 0;
 
-		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
+		if (!strnequal_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
 			return 0;
 		pattern += prefix;
 		name    += prefix;

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 7b6a625..880b5e6 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -764,9 +764,9 @@ int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
  */
 static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					     const char *pathname,
+					     int pathlen,
 					     int *dtype_p)
 {
-	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
 	int i, j;
 	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude *exclude;
@@ -793,10 +793,12 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
  * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
  * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
  */
-static int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+static int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		       const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		       int *dtype_p)
 {
 	struct exclude *exclude =
-		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, pathlen, dtype_p);
 	if (exclude)
 		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -859,7 +861,8 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 		if (ch == '/') {
 			int dt = DT_DIR;
 			exclude = last_exclude_matching(check->dir,
-							path->buf, &dt);
+							path->buf, path->len,
+							&dt);
 			if (exclude) {
 				check->exclude = exclude;
 				return exclude;
@@ -871,7 +874,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
 	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
 
-	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, dtype);
+	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, namelen, dtype);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1249,7 +1252,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
+	int exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, path->len, &dtype);
 	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
 	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
 		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);

attr.c, dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 1818ba5..7764ddd 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
-				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen,
+				      NULL);
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR)
 			res->u.pat.patternlen++;
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 880b5e6..de7a6ba 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -360,10 +360,12 @@ static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
 void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 			   int *patternlen,
 			   int *flags,
-			   int *nowildcardlen)
+			   int *nowildcardlen,
+			   int *dirs_p)
 {
 	const char *p = *pattern;
 	size_t i, len;
+	int dirs;
 
 	*flags = 0;
 	if (*p == '!') {
@@ -375,12 +377,15 @@ void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 		len--;
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	for (i = 0, dirs = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		if (p[i] == '/')
-			break;
+			dirs++;
 	}
-	if (i == len)
+	if (!dirs)
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	else if (*p == '/')
+		dirs--;
+
 	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
 	/*
 	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
@@ -393,6 +398,8 @@ void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
 	*pattern = p;
 	*patternlen = len;
+	if (dirs_p)
+		*dirs_p = dirs;
 }
 
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
@@ -402,8 +409,9 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 	int patternlen;
 	int flags;
 	int nowildcardlen;
+	int dirs;
 
-	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen, &dirs);
 	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 		char *s;
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + patternlen + 1);
@@ -415,11 +423,26 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
 		x->pattern = string;
 	}
+	/*
+	 * TODO: nowildcardlen < patternlen is a stricter than
+	 * necessary mainly to exclude "**" that breaks directory
+	 * boundary. Patterns like "/foo-*" should be fine.
+	 */
+	if ((flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) || nowildcardlen < patternlen)
+		dirs = -1;
+	else {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < baselen; i++) {
+			if (base[i] == '/')
+				dirs++;
+		}
+	}
 	x->patternlen = patternlen;
 	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
+	x->dirs = dirs;
 	x->srcpos = srcpos;
 	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
 	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
@@ -701,7 +724,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
  * matched, or NULL for undecided.
  */
 static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
-						       int pathlen,
+						       int pathlen, int dirs,
 						       const char *basename,
 						       int *dtype,
 						       struct exclude_list *el)
@@ -732,6 +755,9 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (dirs >= 0 && x->dirs >= 0 && x->dirs != dirs)
+			continue;
+
 		assert(x->baselen == 0 || x->base[x->baselen - 1] == '/');
 		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
 				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
@@ -750,7 +776,8 @@ int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
 			  struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	struct exclude *exclude;
-	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, -1,
+						  basename, dtype, el);
 	if (exclude)
 		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return -1; /* undecided */
@@ -765,6 +792,7 @@ int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
 static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					     const char *pathname,
 					     int pathlen,
+					     int dirs,
 					     int *dtype_p)
 {
 	int i, j;
@@ -779,8 +807,8 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
 		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
 			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
-				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
-				&group->el[j]);
+				pathname, pathlen, dir->dir_level,
+				basename, dtype_p, &group->el[j]);
 			if (exclude)
 				return exclude;
 		}
@@ -794,11 +822,11 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
  * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
  */
 static int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir,
-		       const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		       const char *pathname, int pathlen, int dirs,
 		       int *dtype_p)
 {
 	struct exclude *exclude =
-		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, pathlen, dtype_p);
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, pathlen, dirs, dtype_p);
 	if (exclude)
 		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -862,7 +890,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 			int dt = DT_DIR;
 			exclude = last_exclude_matching(check->dir,
 							path->buf, path->len,
-							&dt);
+							-1, &dt);
 			if (exclude) {
 				check->exclude = exclude;
 				return exclude;
@@ -874,7 +902,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
 	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
 
-	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, namelen, dtype);
+	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, namelen, -1, dtype);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1248,11 +1276,11 @@ enum path_treatment {
 };
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
-					  struct strbuf *path,
+					  struct strbuf *path, int dirs,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, path->len, &dtype);
+	int exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, path->len, dirs, &dtype);
 	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
 	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
 		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);
@@ -1310,7 +1338,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		return path_ignored;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
-	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
+	return treat_one_path(dir, path, -1, simplify, dtype, de);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1338,6 +1366,7 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	if (!fdir)
 		goto out;
 
+	dir->dir_level++;
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
 		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
 		case path_recurse:
@@ -1357,6 +1386,7 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
+	dir->dir_level--;
 	strbuf_release(&path);
 
 	return contents;
@@ -1427,7 +1457,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			break;
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
-		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
+		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, -1, simplify,
 				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
@@ -1447,8 +1477,10 @@ int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char
 		return dir->nr;
 
 	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
-	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
+	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify)) {
+		dir->dir_level = -1;
 		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+	}
 	free_simplify(simplify);
 	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
 	qsort(dir->ignored, dir->ignored_nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 560ade4..c434f1c 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ struct exclude_list {
 		const char *base;
 		int baselen;
 		int flags;
+		int dirs;
 
 		/*
 		 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
@@ -87,6 +88,8 @@ struct dir_struct {
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
 
+	int dir_level;
+
 	/*
 	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
 	 *
@@ -171,7 +174,11 @@ extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
 					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
-extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string,
+				  int *patternlen,
+				  int *flags,
+				  int *nowildcardlen,
+				  int *dirs);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
 extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 57394e4..69c045b 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -12,6 +12,32 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "wildmatch.h"
 
+#ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE
+static uint32_t tv_treat_leading_path;
+static uint32_t tv_read_directory;
+static uint32_t tv_treat_one_path;
+static uint32_t tv_is_excluded;
+static uint32_t tv_prep_exclude;
+static uint32_t tv_last_exclude_matching;
+static uint32_t tv_dir_add_name;
+static uint32_t tv_directory_exists_in_index;
+static uint32_t tv_simplify_away;
+static uint32_t tv_index_name_exists;
+static uint32_t tv_lazy_init_name_hash;
+#define START_CLOCK() \
+	{ \
+		struct timeval tv1, tv2; \
+		gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+#define STOP_CLOCK(v) \
+		gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL); \
+		v += (uint64_t)tv2.tv_sec * 1000000 + tv2.tv_usec - \
+			(uint64_t)tv1.tv_sec * 1000000 - tv1.tv_usec; \
+	}
+#else
+#define START_CLOCK()
+#define STOP_CLOCK(v)
+#endif
+
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
@@ -768,8 +794,11 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
+	START_CLOCK();
 	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_prep_exclude);
 
+	START_CLOCK();
 	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
 		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
 		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
@@ -780,6 +809,7 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				return exclude;
 		}
 	}
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_last_exclude_matching);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -897,9 +927,14 @@ static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
 {
-	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
-	    cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
-		return NULL;
+	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		START_CLOCK();
+		ce = cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case);
+		STOP_CLOCK(tv_index_name_exists);
+		if (ce)
+			return NULL;
+	}
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr+1, dir->alloc);
 	return dir->entries[dir->nr++] = dir_entry_new(pathname, len);
@@ -1034,8 +1069,12 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
+	int ret;
+	START_CLOCK();
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
-	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
+	ret = directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_directory_exists_in_index);
+	switch (ret) {
 	case index_directory:
 		if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES) && exclude)
 			break;
@@ -1179,7 +1218,9 @@ static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
 	int pos;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 
+	START_CLOCK();
 	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_index_name_exists);
 	if (ce) {
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
 			return DT_UNKNOWN;
@@ -1244,7 +1285,12 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
+	int exclude;
+
+	START_CLOCK();
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf,  &dtype);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_is_excluded);
+
 	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
 	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
 		dir_add_ignored(dir, path->buf, path->len);
@@ -1292,17 +1338,23 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				      int baselen,
 				      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	int dtype;
+	int dtype, ret;
 
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
 		return path_ignored;
 	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
-	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
+	START_CLOCK();
+	ret = simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_simplify_away);
+	if (ret)
 		return path_ignored;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
-	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
+	START_CLOCK();
+	ret = treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_treat_one_path);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1345,7 +1397,9 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		contents++;
 		if (check_only)
 			break;
+		START_CLOCK();
 		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+		STOP_CLOCK(tv_dir_add_name);
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
@@ -1405,6 +1459,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
+	START_CLOCK();
 	baselen = 0;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
@@ -1428,6 +1483,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	STOP_CLOCK(tv_treat_leading_path);
 	return rc;
 }
 
@@ -1439,8 +1495,43 @@ int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char
 		return dir->nr;
 
 	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
-	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
+	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify)) {
+#ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE
+		/* The first call triggers lazy_init_name_hash() */
+		START_CLOCK();
+		index_name_exists(&the_index, "", 0, ignore_case);
+		STOP_CLOCK(tv_lazy_init_name_hash);
+#endif
+		START_CLOCK();
 		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+		STOP_CLOCK(tv_read_directory);
+	}
+#ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE
+	if (getenv("GIT_MEASURE_EXCLUDE")) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "treat_leading_path:  %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_treat_leading_path / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "read_directory:      %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_read_directory / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "+treat_one_path:     %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_treat_one_path / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "++is_excluded:       %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_is_excluded / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "+++prep_exclude:     %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_prep_exclude / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "+++matching:         %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_last_exclude_matching / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "++dir_exist:         %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_directory_exists_in_index / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "++index_name_exists: %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_index_name_exists / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "lazy_init_name_hash: %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_lazy_init_name_hash / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "+simplify_away:      %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_simplify_away / 1000000);
+		fprintf(stderr, "+dir_add_name:       %10.3f\n",
+			(float)tv_dir_add_name / 1000000);
+	}
+#endif
 	free_simplify(simplify);
 	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);
 	qsort(dir->ignored, dir->ignored_nr, sizeof(struct dir_entry *), cmp_name);

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 69c045b..32a3adb 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -688,8 +688,8 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
 	 */
 	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+	    (baselen && (pathname[baselen] != '/' ||
+			 strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
 		return 0;
 
 	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;

dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 32a3adb..a69c8ac 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -47,22 +47,6 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, in
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
-/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
-int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
-}
-
-int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
-{
-	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
-}
-
-int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
-{
-	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
-}
-
 inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
 		       int flags, int prefix)
 {
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index c3eb4b5..560ade4 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -200,9 +200,21 @@ extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
 extern int remove_path(const char *path);
 
-extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
-extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
-extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
+/* helper string functions with support for the ignore_case flag */
+static inline int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strcasecmp(a, b) : strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
+{
+	return ignore_case ? strncasecmp(a, b, count) : strncmp(a, b, count);
+}
+
+static inline int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+}
 
 /*
  * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.

attr.c, dir.c

diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index e2f9377..1818ba5 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
 				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR)
+			res->u.pat.patternlen++;
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
 			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
 				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index a69c8ac..a2ab200 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -636,12 +636,14 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 		   int flags)
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
-		if (!strcmp_icase(pattern, basename))
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strcmp_icase(pattern + 1,
-				  basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1))
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1,
+				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
 	} else {
 		if (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0)

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index a2ab200..26c3b3a 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -47,6 +47,29 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, in
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
+static inline int memequal_icase(const char *a, const char *b, int n)
+{
+	if (!memcmp(a, b, n))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!ignore_case)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This assumes that ASCII is used in most repositories. We
+	 * try the ascii-only version first (i.e. Git's
+	 * toupper). Failing that, fall back to normal strncasecmp.
+	 */
+	while (n && toupper(*a) == toupper(*b)) {
+		a++;
+		b++;
+		n--;
+	}
+	if (!n)
+		return 1;
+	return !strncasecmp(a, b, n);
+}
+
 inline int git_fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string,
 		       int flags, int prefix)
 {
@@ -637,11 +660,11 @@ int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
 {
 	if (prefix == patternlen) {
 		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
-		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
+		    memequal_icase(pattern, basename, patternlen))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
 		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
-		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+		    memequal_icase(pattern + 1,
 				   basename + basenamelen - patternlen + 1,
 				   patternlen - 1))
 			return 1;
@@ -675,7 +698,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 	 */
 	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
 	    (baselen && (pathname[baselen] != '/' ||
-			 strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
+			 !memequal_icase(pathname, base, baselen))))
 		return 0;
 
 	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
@@ -689,7 +712,7 @@ int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
 		if (prefix > namelen)
 			return 0;
 
-		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
+		if (!memequal_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
 			return 0;
 		pattern += prefix;
 		name    += prefix;

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 26c3b3a..58739f3 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -794,9 +794,9 @@ int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
  */
 static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					     const char *pathname,
+					     int pathlen,
 					     int *dtype_p)
 {
-	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
 	int i, j;
 	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude *exclude;
@@ -827,10 +827,12 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
  * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
  * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
  */
-static int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+static int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		       const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		       int *dtype_p)
 {
 	struct exclude *exclude =
-		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, pathlen, dtype_p);
 	if (exclude)
 		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -893,7 +895,8 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 		if (ch == '/') {
 			int dt = DT_DIR;
 			exclude = last_exclude_matching(check->dir,
-							path->buf, &dt);
+							path->buf, path->len,
+							&dt);
 			if (exclude) {
 				check->exclude = exclude;
 				return exclude;
@@ -905,7 +908,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
 	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
 
-	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, dtype);
+	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, namelen, dtype);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1297,7 +1300,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	int exclude;
 
 	START_CLOCK();
-	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf,  &dtype);
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, path->len, &dtype);
 	STOP_CLOCK(tv_is_excluded);
 
 	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)

dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 58739f3..f8f7a7e 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -804,7 +804,10 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
 	START_CLOCK();
-	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
+	if (!dir->exclude_prepared) {
+		prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
+		dir->exclude_prepared = 1;
+	}
 	STOP_CLOCK(tv_prep_exclude);
 
 	START_CLOCK();
@@ -894,6 +897,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 
 		if (ch == '/') {
 			int dt = DT_DIR;
+			check->dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 			exclude = last_exclude_matching(check->dir,
 							path->buf, path->len,
 							&dt);
@@ -908,6 +912,7 @@ struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_path(struct path_exclude_check *check,
 	/* An entry in the index; cannot be a directory with subentries */
 	strbuf_setlen(path, 0);
 
+	check->dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	return last_exclude_matching(check->dir, name, namelen, dtype);
 }
 
@@ -1394,6 +1399,7 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	if (!fdir)
 		goto out;
 
+	dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
 		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
 		case path_recurse:
@@ -1415,6 +1421,7 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
  out:
+	dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	strbuf_release(&path);
 
 	return contents;
@@ -1486,6 +1493,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			break;
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
+		dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
 				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 560ade4..0748407 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ struct dir_struct {
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
+	int exclude_prepared;
 
 	/*
 	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:

attr.c, dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 1818ba5..b89da33 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -249,12 +249,14 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
 	else {
 		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+		int pattern_baselen;
 		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
 		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
 		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
 				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
 				      &res->u.pat.flags,
-				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen,
+				      &pattern_baselen);
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR)
 			res->u.pat.patternlen++;
 		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index f8f7a7e..932fd2f 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -390,10 +390,11 @@ static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
 void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 			   int *patternlen,
 			   int *flags,
-			   int *nowildcardlen)
+			   int *nowildcardlen,
+			   int *pattern_baselen)
 {
 	const char *p = *pattern;
-	size_t i, len;
+	int i, len;
 
 	*flags = 0;
 	if (*p == '!') {
@@ -405,12 +406,15 @@ void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 		len--;
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
 	}
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		if (p[i] == '/')
 			break;
 	}
-	if (i == len)
+	if (i < 0) {
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+		*pattern_baselen = -1;
+	} else
+		*pattern_baselen = i;
 	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
 	/*
 	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
@@ -421,6 +425,8 @@ void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
 		*nowildcardlen = len;
 	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
 		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	else if (*nowildcardlen != len)
+		*pattern_baselen = -1;
 	*pattern = p;
 	*patternlen = len;
 }
@@ -432,8 +438,10 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 	int patternlen;
 	int flags;
 	int nowildcardlen;
+	int pattern_baselen;
 
-	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags,
+			      &nowildcardlen, &pattern_baselen);
 	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 		char *s;
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + patternlen + 1);
@@ -449,6 +457,7 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
+	x->pattern_baselen = pattern_baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
 	x->srcpos = srcpos;
 	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index 0748407..cb50a85 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ struct exclude_list {
 		int nowildcardlen;
 		const char *base;
 		int baselen;
+		int pattern_baselen;
 		int flags;
 
 		/*
@@ -172,7 +173,10 @@ extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
 					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
-extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string,
+				  int *patternlen, int *flags,
+				  int *nowildcardlen,
+				  int *pattern_baselen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
 extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);

dir.c, dir.h

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 932fd2f..c57bf06 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->pattern_baselen = pattern_baselen;
-	x->flags = flags;
+	x->flags = flags | EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE;
 	x->srcpos = srcpos;
 	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
 	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
@@ -591,6 +591,87 @@ void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
 		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
+static int pattern_match_base(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			      const char *base, int baselen,
+			      const struct exclude *exc)
+{
+	const char *pattern;
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: if a patterns come from a .gitignore, exc->base would
+	 * be the same for all of them. We could compare once and
+	 * reuse the result, instead of perform the comparison per
+	 * pattern like this.
+	 */
+	if (exc->baselen) {
+		if (baselen < exc->baselen + 1)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (base[exc->baselen] != '/' ||
+		    memcmp(base, exc->base, exc->baselen))
+			return 0;
+
+		base += exc->baselen + 1;
+		baselen -= exc->baselen + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (baselen != exc->pattern_baselen)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (exc->pattern_baselen) {
+		pattern = exc->pattern;
+		if (*pattern == '/')
+			pattern++;
+		if (memcmp(base, pattern, exc->pattern_baselen))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If pushed is non-zero, we have entered a new directory. Some
+ * pathname patterns may no longer applicable. Go over all active
+ * patterns and disable them if so.
+ *
+ * If popped is non-zero, we have left a directory. Inactive patterns
+ * may be applicable again. Go over them and re-enable if so.
+ */
+static void scan_patterns(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			  const char *base, int baselen,
+			  int pushed, int popped)
+{
+	int i, j, k;
+
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		struct exclude_list_group *group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			struct exclude_list *list = &group->el[j];
+			for (k = 0; k < list->nr; k++) {
+				struct exclude *exc = list->excludes[k];
+
+				/*
+				 * No base (i.e. EXC_FLAG_NODIR) or
+				 * applicable to many bases ("**"
+				 * patterns)
+				 */
+				if (exc->pattern_baselen == -1)
+					continue;
+
+				if (exc->flags & EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE) {
+					if (pushed &&
+					    !pattern_match_base(dir, base, baselen, exc))
+						exc->flags &= ~EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE;
+				} else {
+					if (popped &&
+					    pattern_match_base(dir, base, baselen, exc))
+						exc->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
  * which has a char length of baselen.
@@ -600,7 +681,7 @@ static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude_list *el;
 	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
-	int current;
+	int current, popped = 0, pushed = 0;
 
 	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
 	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
@@ -621,6 +702,7 @@ static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 		clear_exclude_list(el);
 		free(stk);
 		group->nr--;
+		popped++;
 	}
 
 	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
@@ -659,8 +741,12 @@ static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 					       el, 1);
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
 		current = stk->baselen;
+		pushed++;
 	}
 	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
+
+	if (pushed | popped)
+		scan_patterns(dir, base, baselen, pushed, popped);
 }
 
 int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
@@ -755,6 +841,9 @@ static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
 		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
 		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
 
+		if (!(x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE))
+			continue;
+
 		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
 				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index cb50a85..247bfda 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ struct dir_entry {
 #define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
 #define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
+#define EXC_FLAG_ACTIVE 32
 
 /*
  * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index c57bf06..6809dd2 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -43,8 +43,11 @@ struct path_simplify {
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
-	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
+static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				     const char *path, int len,
+				     int check_only,
+				     const struct path_simplify *simplify,
+				     int *contents);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
 static inline int memequal_icase(const char *a, const char *b, int n)
@@ -1184,7 +1187,7 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	int ret;
+	int contents = 0, ret;
 	START_CLOCK();
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	ret = directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1);
@@ -1219,19 +1222,19 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	 * check if it contains only ignored files
 	 */
 	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exclude) {
-		int ignored;
 		dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 		dir->flags |= DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
-		ignored = read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify);
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify, &contents);
 		dir->flags &= ~DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
 		dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 
-		return ignored ? ignore_directory : show_directory;
+		return contents ? ignore_directory : show_directory;
 	}
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
 	    !(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
 		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
+	read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify, &contents);
+	if (!contents)
 		return ignore_directory;
 	return show_directory;
 }
@@ -1398,10 +1401,26 @@ enum path_treatment {
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  struct strbuf *path,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
-					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
+					  int dtype, struct dirent *de,
+					  int exclude_shortcut_ok)
 {
 	int exclude;
 
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	if (exclude_shortcut_ok &&
+	    !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+	    !(dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+	    dtype != DT_DIR) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		START_CLOCK();
+		ce = cache_name_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
+		STOP_CLOCK(tv_index_name_exists);
+		if (ce)
+			return path_ignored;
+	}
+
 	START_CLOCK();
 	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, path->len, &dtype);
 	STOP_CLOCK(tv_is_excluded);
@@ -1417,9 +1436,6 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
 		return path_ignored;
 
-	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
-
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
 		return path_ignored;
@@ -1451,7 +1467,8 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				      struct dirent *de,
 				      struct strbuf *path,
 				      int baselen,
-				      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+				      const struct path_simplify *simplify,
+				      int exclude_shortcut_ok)
 {
 	int dtype, ret;
 
@@ -1467,7 +1484,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
 	START_CLOCK();
-	ret = treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
+	ret = treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de, exclude_shortcut_ok);
 	STOP_CLOCK(tv_treat_one_path);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1481,13 +1498,13 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
-				    const char *base, int baselen,
-				    int check_only,
-				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
+static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				     const char *base, int baselen,
+				     int check_only,
+				     const struct path_simplify *simplify,
+				     int *contents)
 {
 	DIR *fdir;
-	int contents = 0;
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -1499,18 +1516,29 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 
 	dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify)) {
+		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen,
+				   simplify,
+				   !check_only && !contents)) {
 		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
-							     path.len, 0,
-							     simplify);
+			read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
+						 path.len, 0,
+						 simplify,
+						 contents);
 			continue;
 		case path_ignored:
 			continue;
 		case path_handled:
 			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
+		/*
+		 * Update the last argument to treat_path if anything
+		 * else is done after this point. This is because if
+		 * treat_path's exclude_shortcut_ok is true, it may
+		 * incorrectly return path_ignored (and never reaches
+		 * this part) instead of path_handled.
+		 */
+		if (contents)
+			(*contents)++;
 		if (check_only)
 			break;
 		START_CLOCK();
@@ -1521,8 +1549,6 @@ static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
  out:
 	dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	strbuf_release(&path);
-
-	return contents;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -1593,7 +1619,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			break;
 		dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
+				   DT_DIR, NULL, 0) == path_ignored)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
 			rc = 1;
@@ -1621,7 +1647,7 @@ int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_lazy_init_name_hash);
 #endif
 		START_CLOCK();
-		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify, NULL);
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_read_directory);
 	}
 #ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE

diffcore-rename.c, hash.h, name-hash.c

diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index 512d0ac..8d3d9bb 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@ static int find_exact_renames(struct diff_options *options)
 	struct hash_table file_table;
 
 	init_hash(&file_table);
+	preallocate_hash(&file_table, (rename_src_nr + rename_dst_nr) * 2);
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
 		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
index b875ce6..244d1fe 100644
--- a/hash.h
+++ b/hash.h
@@ -40,4 +40,11 @@ static inline void init_hash(struct hash_table *table)
 	table->array = NULL;
 }
 
+static inline void preallocate_hash(struct hash_table *table, unsigned int size)
+{
+	assert(table->size == 0 && table->nr == 0 && table->array == NULL);
+	table->size = size;
+	table->array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), size);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index 942c459..1287a19 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	preallocate_hash(&istate->name_hash, istate->cache_nr * 2);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;

Makefile, cache.h, dir.c, name-hash.c, name-hash.h, read-cache.c, unpack-trees.c

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 26d3332..8d753af 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -690,6 +690,7 @@ LIB_H += mailmap.h
 LIB_H += merge-blobs.h
 LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
 LIB_H += mergesort.h
+LIB_H += name-hash.h
 LIB_H += notes-cache.h
 LIB_H += notes-merge.h
 LIB_H += notes.h
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index e493563..cf33c67 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -313,7 +313,6 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define refresh_cache(flags) refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL, NULL)
 #define ce_match_stat(ce, st, options) ie_match_stat(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
 #define ce_modified(ce, st, options) ie_modified(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
-#define cache_name_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_name_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
 #define cache_name_is_other(name, namelen) index_name_is_other(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
@@ -442,7 +441,6 @@ extern int write_index(struct index_state *, int newfd);
 extern int discard_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *);
 extern int verify_path(const char *path);
-extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
 extern int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *, const char *name, int namelen);
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD 1		/* Ok to add */
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE 2	/* Ok to replace file/directory */
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 6809dd2..5fda5af 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "name-hash.h"
 
 #ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE
 static uint32_t tv_treat_leading_path;
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index 1287a19..572d232 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -7,30 +7,7 @@
  */
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
-
-/*
- * This removes bit 5 if bit 6 is set.
- *
- * That will make US-ASCII characters hash to their upper-case
- * equivalent. We could easily do this one whole word at a time,
- * but that's for future worries.
- */
-static inline unsigned char icase_hash(unsigned char c)
-{
-	return c & ~((c & 0x40) >> 1);
-}
-
-static unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
-{
-	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
-
-	while (namelen--) {
-		unsigned char c = *name++;
-		c = icase_hash(c);
-		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	}
-	return hash;
-}
+#include "name-hash.h"
 
 static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
@@ -152,9 +129,11 @@ static int same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *name, int namelen
 	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
 }
 
-struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+static inline struct cache_entry *find_entry_by_hash(struct index_state *istate,
+						     const char *name, int namelen,
+						     unsigned int hash,
+						     int icase)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
@@ -189,3 +168,20 @@ struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *na
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate,
+				      const char *name, int namelen,
+				      int icase)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
+	return find_entry_by_hash(istate, name, namelen, hash, icase);
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *index_name_exists_base(struct index_state *istate,
+					   unsigned int basehash, int baselen,
+					   const char *name, int namelen,
+					   int icase)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = hash_name_from(basehash, name + baselen, namelen - baselen);
+	return find_entry_by_hash(istate, name, namelen, hash, icase);
+}
diff --git a/name-hash.h b/name-hash.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..997de30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/name-hash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef NAME_HASH_H
+#define NAME_HASH_H
+
+extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate,
+					     const char *name, int namelen,
+					     int igncase);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists_base(struct index_state *istate,
+						  unsigned int basehash, int baselen,
+						  const char *name, int namelen,
+						  int igncase);
+
+static inline struct cache_entry *cache_name_exists(const char *name, int namelen, int igncase)
+{
+	return index_name_exists(&the_index, name, namelen, igncase);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This removes bit 5 if bit 6 is set.
+ *
+ * That will make US-ASCII characters hash to their upper-case
+ * equivalent. We could easily do this one whole word at a time,
+ * but that's for future worries.
+ */
+static inline unsigned char icase_hash(unsigned char c)
+{
+	return c & ~((c & 0x40) >> 1);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int hash_name_from(unsigned int hash,
+					  const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	while (namelen--) {
+		unsigned char c = *name++;
+		c = icase_hash(c);
+		hash = hash*101 + c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	return hash_name_from(0x123, name, namelen);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 827ae55..8bd3ec8 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "varint.h"
+#include "name-hash.h"
 
 static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really);
 
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 09e53df..60fa5d4 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "name-hash.h"
 
 /*
  * Error messages expected by scripts out of plumbing commands such as

diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 5fda5af..8638dcd 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ struct path_simplify {
 
 static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				     const char *path, int len,
+				     unsigned int hash,
 				     int check_only,
 				     const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 				     int *contents);
@@ -1044,12 +1045,17 @@ static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
 	return ent;
 }
 
-static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
+static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      const char *pathname, int len,
+				      unsigned int hash, int baselen)
 {
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		START_CLOCK();
-		ce = cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case);
+		ce = index_name_exists_base(&the_index,
+					    hash, baselen,
+					    pathname, len,
+					    ignore_case);
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_index_name_exists);
 		if (ce)
 			return NULL;
@@ -1225,7 +1231,9 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exclude) {
 		dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 		dir->flags |= DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
-		read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify, &contents);
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len,
+					 hash_name(dirname, len),
+					 1, simplify, &contents);
 		dir->flags &= ~DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
 		dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 
@@ -1234,7 +1242,9 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
 	    !(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
 		return show_directory;
-	read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify, &contents);
+	read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len,
+				 hash_name(dirname, len),
+				 1, simplify, &contents);
 	if (!contents)
 		return ignore_directory;
 	return show_directory;
@@ -1401,6 +1411,8 @@ enum path_treatment {
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 					  struct strbuf *path,
+					  unsigned int hash,
+					  int baselen,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de,
 					  int exclude_shortcut_ok)
@@ -1416,7 +1428,8 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	    dtype != DT_DIR) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		START_CLOCK();
-		ce = cache_name_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
+		ce = index_name_exists_base(&the_index, hash, baselen,
+					    path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_index_name_exists);
 		if (ce)
 			return path_ignored;
@@ -1467,6 +1480,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				      struct dirent *de,
 				      struct strbuf *path,
+				      unsigned int hash,
 				      int baselen,
 				      const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 				      int exclude_shortcut_ok)
@@ -1485,7 +1499,8 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
 	START_CLOCK();
-	ret = treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de, exclude_shortcut_ok);
+	ret = treat_one_path(dir, path, hash, baselen,
+			     simplify, dtype, de, exclude_shortcut_ok);
 	STOP_CLOCK(tv_treat_one_path);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1501,6 +1516,7 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
  */
 static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				     const char *base, int baselen,
+				     unsigned int hash,
 				     int check_only,
 				     const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 				     int *contents)
@@ -1517,12 +1533,16 @@ static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 
 	dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen,
+		switch (treat_path(dir, de, &path, hash, baselen,
 				   simplify,
 				   !check_only && !contents)) {
 		case path_recurse:
 			read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
-						 path.len, 0,
+						 path.len,
+						 hash_name_from(hash,
+								path.buf + baselen,
+								path.len - baselen),
+						 0,
 						 simplify,
 						 contents);
 			continue;
@@ -1543,7 +1563,7 @@ static void read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (check_only)
 			break;
 		START_CLOCK();
-		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+		dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len, hash, baselen);
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_dir_add_name);
 	}
 	closedir(fdir);
@@ -1619,7 +1639,7 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
 			break;
 		dir->exclude_prepared = 0;
-		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
+		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, 0, 0, simplify,
 				   DT_DIR, NULL, 0) == path_ignored)
 			break; /* do not recurse into it */
 		if (len <= baselen) {
@@ -1648,7 +1668,9 @@ int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_lazy_init_name_hash);
 #endif
 		START_CLOCK();
-		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify, NULL);
+		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len,
+					 hash_name(path, len),
+					 0, simplify, NULL);
 		STOP_CLOCK(tv_read_directory);
 	}
 #ifdef MEASURE_EXCLUDE